Exam 11: Research Designs for Special Circumstances

A graduating college senior takes the GRE (Graduate Record Exam)and scores at the 95^th percentile.Six months later the senior retakes the exam after completing all undergraduate coursework and scores at the 89^th percentile.What (other than boring coursework)most likely accounts for the lowered score?

The serious flaw associated with the non-equivalent control group design is that ____ occur.

A researcher investigated the effect of weather on college students' study habits.On a sunny day,the researcher sat in the quad and recorded the number of minutes of study per student.The researcher found that the mean number of minutes of study was 39.8.This is an example of a(n)

Mary discovered that her 7-year-old daughter,Maggie,was especially motivated by money.Mary began a reinforcement program whereby Maggie earned 5 cents every time she brushed her teeth.A month later,Mary instituted a payment schedule of 10 cents every time Maggie went to bed on time without complaining.Once these behaviours were firmly established,Maggie began earning money for every book she read.What kind of single-subject design did Mary employ?

The interrupted time series design involves

Selection differences in the non-equivalent control group design are

A researcher administers a reading test to a group of fourth graders at the beginning of the school year.During the year,the students receive an intensive program designed to improve reading skills.At the end of the year,the reading test is given again,and a large improvement in test scores is discovered.What type of study is this?

A restaurant company is interested in examining the effect of increasing the price of hamburgers on their sales.During the first six months of the year,they measure the number of hamburgers sold each day.They then increase the price and record the number of hamburgers sold each day for the last six months of the year.This quasi-experimental design would be an example of a(n)

In the reversal design,ABAB,the second "B" period is necessary to reduce the probability of

A television program designed to reduce racial prejudice was not watched by prejudiced persons.In a comprehensive evaluation,this fact would be discovered with which type of evaluation?

A researcher has children watch 30 minutes of violent television and then measures their aggressiveness.The researcher concludes that television violence causes aggressiveness.A problem here is that

Dutton and Aron had an attractive female interview men who were crossing either a precarious suspension footbridge over a chasm,or a sturdy anchored footbridge over a small creek.The suspension-bridge participants used more sexual imagery to describe people in a picture than did the sturdy-bridge participants.What factor,other than excitement,might explain these results?

After identifying a need for a program,researchers,service providers,and prospective clients collaborate to ensure that the program does in fact address the needs of the target population in appropriate ways.This is referred to as

Which of the following describes a sequential design?

A city council finds that printing voting pamphlets in several languages has resulted in an increase in the number of voters who speak these languages.The city council must now determine if the resources spent in printing the pamphlets is worth the cost.In terms of program evaluation,this would be an example of

A study is conducted in which the attitudes of the staff of one mental hospital are assessed;then the staff is exposed to an attitude-change manipulation,and attitudes are assessed again.A control hospital of similar size is also chosen;attitudes there are measured and then at a later time,assessed again.This quasi-experimental design is called a(n)_____ design.

John has developed a scale to measure a person's fear of earthquakes.After the occurrence of an earthquake,he surveys 1000 individuals and finds the mean score to be 7.8 out of a possible 10 (the higher the score,the greater the fear).John concludes that fear increases after people experience an earthquake.This study is an example of a(n)

Any naturally occurring change within the individual that has an effect on the dependent variable is referred to as a _____ effect.

Selection differences are likely to occur whenever researchers

One design used to demonstrate the reversibility of the effect of the independent variable is a(n)______________ design.