Exam 19: Population Genetics and Human Evolution

The ultimate source of new alleles and genetic variability is _____________________.

In the U.S.,many states passed laws against miscegenation,or marriage between individuals of different races.What genetically based arguments would you use in support or opposition to such laws?

According to the Hardy-Weinberg law,the genotype frequencies of dominant homozygotes,heterozygotes,and recessive homozygotes are represented by p2,q2,and 2pq,respectively,where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele. Explain how this formula was derived.

What is the effect of genetic drift on evolution? How does the founder effect work to cause change in allele frequency?

The Hardy-Weinberg law is used to calculate allele and genotype frequencies ____.

When applying the Hardy-Weinberg law to a gene with dominant and recessive alleles,calculation of the allele frequencies always begins by writing the frequency of the _____________________ phenotype,then taking the _____________________ of this to obtain the frequency of the recessive allele.

If 0.04% (0.0004)of the people in a population has sickle cell anemia,the percent of heterozygotes in the population must be _____________________ percent.

In a hypothetical population of 1,000 people,there is a hypothetical trait called pink toe.People who are homozygous dominant have red toes,those who are homozygous recessive have white toes,and those who are heterozygous have pink toes.If 400 people have red toes,the number of people with pink toes is _____________________.

A(n)_____________________ depicts the evolutionary relationships between related species.

Genomic studies using _____________________ can identify an individual's ancestral continent.

The observation that SNPs account for most of the differences in the coding regions between the human and chimpanzee genomes suggests that ____.

The measure of differential survival and reproductive success is termed _____________________.

The observation that some modern humans contain Neanderthal DNA suggests _____________________ occurred between H.sapiens and Neanderthals.

On average,humans differ by _____________________% of their genomic sequences.

In a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,as the frequencies of homozygous genotypes increase,the frequency of the heterozygous genotype _____.

Since males have only one X chromosome,the allele frequency of an X-linked trait is equal to the number of males with the recessive phenotype.

Compare and contrast the out-of-Africa model and multiregional theories of the origin of modern man.Which theory is supported by the preponderance of genetic evidence? What type of evidence supports the other theory

The idea that H.erectus populations in Africa,the Middle East,and Asia all collectively interbred and evolved into H.sapiens is called the _____________________ model.

Because of the _____________________,traits carried by early settlers are found in a large fraction of the descendent population.

According to the theory of evolution,those best adapted to the environment will _____.