Exam 19: Population Genetics and Human Evolution

There is significantly more genetic variation between human populations than within them.

Diagram the evolutionary relationships between Neanderthals and chimpanzees based on genomic data.

Hemophilia is an X-linked trait caused by the allele h. About 1 in 10,000 males (0.0001)has hemophilia. The frequency of the h allele in males is therefore _____________________.

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,_____________________ represents the dominant allele,while _____________________ represents the recessive allele.

In a large population on a Pacific island,a few individuals had a mutation that caused them to have different colored eyes.After a hurricane,the population was reduced to only a few individuals,but some of those individuals had the rare eye color mutation.Now,after many generations,almost half of the population on this island has different colored eyes.This is an example of _____________________.

According to genetic evidence,the migration of H.sapiens out of Africa replaced other human populations,including Neanderthals and H.erectus,leading to their extinction.

The gradient distributions of alleles across continents reflect _____.

All evolutionary ancestors of modern humans have been discovered and identified.

According to the _____,modern humans originated in,and migrated out of,East Africa.

Genetic drift is a random process that can change the genetic structure of a population.

Heterozygotes for the Tay-Sachs disease allele appear to have greater than normal resistance to _____________________,which supports the theory that _____________________ explains why this harmful allele persists in the gene pool.

Most geneticists would agree that human races are distinct genetic entities.

The availability of genomic data has allowed scientists to construct more accurate phylogenetic trees than those based on fossil evidence alone.

The relatively high percentage of individuals in West Africa who are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait is an example of _____.

The genetic variability of a population is solely dependent on the generation of mutations.

Genetic evidence has revealed that H.sapiens diverged from _____________________ 100,000 years ago,while Neanderthals diverged from this species 300,000 years ago,suggesting that modern humans did not descend directly from Neanderthals.

One would think that deleterious genes would be eliminated by natural selection,yet we have two human genetic disorders with a high carrier frequency,sickle-cell anemia and cystic fibrosis.Why has this high frequency for these conditions remained in the population?

The phenotypic differences between chimps and humans is best explained by _____.

Of the following hominin species,from which did H.sapiens derive?

Hardy and Weinberg showed that the allele frequencies in a non-evolving population change with successive generations.