Exam 9: Atoms,Elements and Minerals

In some minerals the bonds are equally strong in all directions,therefore they have no cleavage but instead _____ along irregular surfaces that are commonly curved.

The softest mineral on Mohs' hardness scale is ____.

Graphite and diamond are both made of carbon.

In order for a particular type of material to be classified as a mineral,it must ____.

The atomic mass number of an atom is the total number of ___ in the atom.

Non-silicate minerals are more abundant in the deeper parts of Earth's crust than in the crust as a whole.

Two examples of framework silicates are _____ and ______.

Calcite has ___ direction of cleavage.

Some minerals have the same chemical composition but different crystal structures,a phenomenon termed _______.

Five of the six minerals collectively known as asbestos contain single chains of silica tetrahedral and belong to the _______.

The most common minerals in the Earth's crust are the _______.

Silica is a term for oxygen combined with silicon.

Color is the least reliable physical property in mineral identification.

A silica tetrahedron is composed of four atoms of the element ___ and one atom of __.

The quality and intensity of light that is reflected from the surface of a mineral is termed luster.

The _____ group and the ___ group are sheet silicates characterized by one direction of cleavage.

The third most abundant element in the Earth's crust is ______; it is more common than iron.

When seawater evaporates,its sodium and chlorine are electronically attracted to one another and crystallize into ___.

Clay minerals are very common in the Earth's upper mantle.

The hardest mineral has a hardness of ___ on Mohs' relative hardness scale.