Question 1

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale.He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  instrument inference. 
B)  garden path sequence. 
C)  global connection. 
D)  anaphoric inference. 
A)  instrument inference. 
B)  garden path sequence. 
C)  global connection. 
D)  anaphoric inference.

Question 2

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results support

Accepted Answer

A)  the syntax-first approach to parsing. 
B)  the interactionist approach to parsing. 
C)  the garden-path model to parsing. 
D)  both syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing. 
A)  the syntax-first approach to parsing. 
B)  the interactionist approach to parsing. 
C)  the garden-path model to parsing. 
D)  both syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing.

Question 3

B.F.Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through

Accepted Answer

A)  parsing. 
B)  genetic coding. 
C)  syntactic framing. 
D)  reinforcement. 
A)  parsing. 
B)  genetic coding. 
C)  syntactic framing. 
D)  reinforcement.

Question 4

Swinney's lexical priming studies using ambiguous words as stimuli show that context

Accepted Answer

A)  immediately affects the activation of word meanings so that only the meaning fitting the sentence is ever activated. 
B)  causes the meaning fitting the sentence to be activated first, followed by later activation of the other meaning. 
C)  exerts its influence after all meanings of the word have been briefly accessed. 
D)  has no effect on the activation of the word meanings. 
A)  immediately affects the activation of word meanings so that only the meaning fitting the sentence is ever activated. 
B)  causes the meaning fitting the sentence to be activated first, followed by later activation of the other meaning. 
C)  exerts its influence after all meanings of the word have been briefly accessed. 
D)  has no effect on the activation of the word meanings.

Question 5

Most of the coherence in text is created by

Accepted Answer

A)  inference. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  parsing. 
D)  phoneme restoration. 
A)  inference. 
B)  syntax. 
C)  parsing. 
D)  phoneme restoration.

Question 6

In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

Accepted Answer

A)  separate a sentence into individual words. 
B)  decide which meaning of an ambiguous sentence is correct in a specific situation. 
C)  identify words that are contained in sentences. 
D)  decide whether a string of letters is a word or a non-word. 
A)  separate a sentence into individual words. 
B)  decide which meaning of an ambiguous sentence is correct in a specific situation. 
C)  identify words that are contained in sentences. 
D)  decide whether a string of letters is a word or a non-word.

Question 7

The principle of late closure can be described as a(n)_____ since it provides a best guess about the unfolding meaning of a sentence.

Accepted Answer

A)  analogy 
B)  algorithm 
C)  heuristic 
D)  insight 
A)  analogy 
B)  algorithm 
C)  heuristic 
D)  insight

Question 8

The idea that the grammatical structure of a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the _____ approach to parsing.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  temporary ambiguity 
C)  syntax-first 
D)  interactionist 
A)  semantic 
B)  temporary ambiguity 
C)  syntax-first 
D)  interactionist

Question 9

When we look at a record of the physical energy produced by conversational speech, we see that the speech signal

Accepted Answer

A)  has breaks between phonemes. 
B)  has breaks between morphemes. 
C)  has breaks between words. 
D)  is continuous. 
A)  has breaks between phonemes. 
B)  has breaks between morphemes. 
C)  has breaks between words. 
D)  is continuous.

Question 10

Evidence that language is a social process that must be learned comes from the fact that when deaf children find themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language, they are unable to develop any formal language skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The word "bad" has ____ phoneme(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  four

Question 12

Boxing champion George Foreman recently described his family vacations with the statement, "At our ranch in Marshall, Texas, there are lots of ponds and I take the kids out and we fish.And then of course, we grill them." That a reader understands "them" appropriately (George grills fish, not his kids!)is the result of a(n)_____ inference.

Accepted Answer

A)  narrative 
B)  instrument 
C)  analogic 
D)  anaphoric 
A)  narrative 
B)  instrument 
C)  analogic 
D)  anaphoric

Question 13

One of Chomsky's most persuasive arguments for refuting Skinner's theory of language acquisition was his observation that children

Accepted Answer

A)  produce sentences they have never heard. 
B)  show similar language development across cultures. 
C)  are rewarded for using correct language. 
D)  learn to follow complex language rules, even though they are not aware of doing so. 
A)  produce sentences they have never heard. 
B)  show similar language development across cultures. 
C)  are rewarded for using correct language. 
D)  learn to follow complex language rules, even though they are not aware of doing so.

Question 14

An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include

Accepted Answer

A)  an extraneous cough. 
B)  two similar-sounding letters (e.g., "T" and "C"). 
C)  a categorical perception task. 
D)  a garden-path sentence. 
A)  an extraneous cough. 
B)  two similar-sounding letters (e.g., "T" and "C"). 
C)  a categorical perception task. 
D)  a garden-path sentence.

Question 15

Describe the interactionist approach to parsing, and the methods and results of eye movement research that support it.

Accepted Answer

Parsing is a mental process of grouping

Question 16

According to the situation model of text processing,

Accepted Answer

A)  people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of information about phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. 
B)  people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people, objects, locations, and events. 
C)  it will take longer to understand a story that involves a complex series of situations. 
D)  people draw inferences about what is happening in a story by considering both local and global connections. 
A)  people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of information about phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. 
B)  people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people, objects, locations, and events. 
C)  it will take longer to understand a story that involves a complex series of situations. 
D)  people draw inferences about what is happening in a story by considering both local and global connections.

Question 17

"Kitchen tables" consists of ____ morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 18

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night. 
B)  The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room. 
C)  The cats won't bake. 
D)  The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus. 
A)  Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night. 
B)  The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room. 
C)  The cats won't bake. 
D)  The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.

Question 19

Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and describe the experiments on color perception that support it.

Accepted Answer

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, also known a

Question 20

A researcher had participants read each of the sentences below and measured the time it took to read each sentence.
Trial 1: The lamb ran past the cottage into the pasture.
Trial 2: The dog ran past the house into the yard.
The participants' response times were longer for _____ because of the _____ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  trial 2; word frequency 
B)  trial 1; word frequency 
C)  trial 2; word superiority 
D)  trial 1; word superiority 
A)  trial 2; word frequency 
B)  trial 1; word frequency 
C)  trial 2; word superiority 
D)  trial 1; word superiority

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale.He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results support

B.F.Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through

Swinney's lexical priming studies using ambiguous words as stimuli show that context

Most of the coherence in text is created by

In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

The principle of late closure can be described as a(n)_____ since it provides a best guess about the unfolding meaning of a sentence.

The idea that the grammatical structure of a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the _____ approach to parsing.

When we look at a record of the physical energy produced by conversational speech, we see that the speech signal

Evidence that language is a social process that must be learned comes from the fact that when deaf children find themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language, they are unable to develop any formal language skills.

The word "bad" has ____ phoneme(s).

One of Chomsky's most persuasive arguments for refuting Skinner's theory of language acquisition was his observation that children

An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include

Describe the interactionist approach to parsing, and the methods and results of eye movement research that support it.

According to the situation model of text processing,

"Kitchen tables" consists of ____ morphemes.

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and describe the experiments on color perception that support it.

A researcher had participants read each of the sentences below and measured the time it took to read each sentence. Trial 1: The lamb ran past the cottage into the pasture. Trial 2: The dog ran past the house into the yard. The participants' response times were longer for _ because of the _ effect.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters

Exam 11: Language

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale.He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results support

B.F.Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through

Swinney's lexical priming studies using ambiguous words as stimuli show that context

Most of the coherence in text is created by

In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

The principle of late closure can be described as a(n)_____ since it provides a best guess about the unfolding meaning of a sentence.

The idea that the grammatical structure of a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the _____ approach to parsing.

When we look at a record of the physical energy produced by conversational speech, we see that the speech signal

Evidence that language is a social process that must be learned comes from the fact that when deaf children find themselves in an environment where there are no people who speak or use sign language, they are unable to develop any formal language skills.

The word "bad" has ____ phoneme(s).

One of Chomsky's most persuasive arguments for refuting Skinner's theory of language acquisition was his observation that children

An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include

Describe the interactionist approach to parsing, and the methods and results of eye movement research that support it.

According to the situation model of text processing,

"Kitchen tables" consists of ____ morphemes.

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Define the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and describe the experiments on color perception that support it.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory--Structure

Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Problem Solving

Reasoning and Decision Making

Filters