Question 1

The use of a replication in experimentation _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results 
A)  provides for the manipulation of the IV 
B)  serves as a comparison to assess the manipulation 
C)  minimizes the cost of experimentation 
D)  allows for discovery of the average effect of the IV in different situations 
E)  increases generalizability of results

Question 2

Which variable in an experiment is manipulated by the researcher?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dependent variable 
B)  Extraneous variable 
C)  Moderating variable 
D)  Independent variable 
E)  Mediating variable 
A)  Dependent variable 
B)  Extraneous variable 
C)  Moderating variable 
D)  Independent variable 
E)  Mediating variable

Question 3

The greatest weakness to the pretest-posttest control group design is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability 
B)  causality 
C)  external validity 
D)  internal validity 
E)  espionage 
A)  reliability 
B)  causality 
C)  external validity 
D)  internal validity 
E)  espionage

Question 4

Which term below refers to a study involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ex post facto 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Monitoring study 
D)  Communication study 
E)  Descriptive study 
A)  Ex post facto 
B)  Experiment 
C)  Monitoring study 
D)  Communication study 
E)  Descriptive study

Question 5

Resentful demoralization refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study 
A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study

Question 6

What are the three types of evidence necessary to form a conclusion regarding the results of the bystanders and thieves study? Explain how each form of evidence would be used to draw a conclusion for the example provided.

Accepted Answer

First,there must be an agreement between

Question 7

Compensatory equalization refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study 
A)  people in the experimental group communicate the treatment with people in the control group 
B)  researchers compensate the control group as a sort of consolation for not receiving a desirable treatment 
C)  competition arises between the groups 
D)  control group members resent being deprived of a desirable treatment 
E)  an unusual event occurs when one group, but not both are participating in the study

Question 8

Which of the following could threaten the external validity of an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion of treatment 
B)  Artificial setting 
C)  History 
D)  Maturation 
E)  Statistical regression 
A)  Diffusion of treatment 
B)  Artificial setting 
C)  History 
D)  Maturation 
E)  Statistical regression

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale 
B)  Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again 
C)  People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude toward the brand 
D)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a post-test 
E)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group 
A)  Store traffic is measured following the announcement of a clearance sale 
B)  Store traffic is measured; a sale is announced; store traffic is measured again 
C)  People who saw an ad are compared to people who didn't see the ad on their attitude toward the brand 
D)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into the control and experimental groups; a control group responds to a pre-test on brand preferences and a post-test; an experimental group responds to a pre-test, is exposed to a commercial for the brand, and responds to a post-test 
E)  Random assignment is used to divide participants into control and experimental groups; the experimental group is exposed to a commercial and then attitude toward the brand is measured; attitude toward the brand is also measured for the control group

Question 10

Environmental control in an experiment is necessary when ____ might influence the participants' reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)  variation in instructions 
B)  physical conditions of the room 
C)  anticipation of the treatment 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  variation in instructions 
B)  physical conditions of the room 
C)  anticipation of the treatment 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 11

What is the first step in conducting an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Specify the level(s) of the treatment 
B)  Choose the experimental design 
C)  Control the experimental environment 
D)  Select and assign participants 
E)  Select relevant variables 
A)  Specify the level(s) of the treatment 
B)  Choose the experimental design 
C)  Control the experimental environment 
D)  Select and assign participants 
E)  Select relevant variables

Question 12

The question,"Can we generalize the results of this experiment to the population at large?" is addressed by the degree of _____ associated with the experiment in question.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  reliability 
D)  statistical significance 
E)  substantive significance 
A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  reliability 
D)  statistical significance 
E)  substantive significance

Question 13

Which experimental design provides the best defense against the threats to internal validity?

Accepted Answer

A)  After-only case study 
B)  Static group comparison 
C)  One-group pretest-posttest 
D)  Nonequivalent control group 
E)  Pretest-posttest control group 
A)  After-only case study 
B)  Static group comparison 
C)  One-group pretest-posttest 
D)  Nonequivalent control group 
E)  Pretest-posttest control group

Question 14

If levels of attrition are high among study participants,_____ will threaten the internal validity of the study.

Accepted Answer

A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  testing 
D)  instrumentation 
E)  mortality 
A)  history 
B)  maturation 
C)  testing 
D)  instrumentation 
E)  mortality

Question 15

When an experiment is conducted in actual environmental conditions,it is called a(n)_____ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  simulated 
C)  field 
D)  extraneous 
E)  test market 
A)  replication 
B)  simulated 
C)  field 
D)  extraneous 
E)  test market

Question 16

Which research design listed below is most appropriate for establishing causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  Focus group 
B)  Individual depth interview 
C)  Experiment 
D)  Survey 
E)  Behavioral observation 
A)  Focus group 
B)  Individual depth interview 
C)  Experiment 
D)  Survey 
E)  Behavioral observation

Question 17

To operationalize an experiment,all ____ must be predetermined.

Accepted Answer

A)  steps in the experiment 
B)  construct and concept definitions 
C)  researcher assignments 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  steps in the experiment 
B)  construct and concept definitions 
C)  researcher assignments 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Which term refers to the process of transforming concepts and constructs into measurable variables suitable for testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalization 
B)  Control 
C)  Hypothetical 
D)  Operationalization 
E)  Transformation 
A)  Generalization 
B)  Control 
C)  Hypothetical 
D)  Operationalization 
E)  Transformation

Question 19

Which threat to internal validity occurs when events that occur before or during the experiment affect the relationship being studied?

Accepted Answer

A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Testing 
D)  Instrumentation 
E)  Mortality 
A)  History 
B)  Maturation 
C)  Testing 
D)  Instrumentation 
E)  Mortality

Question 20

List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?

Accepted Answer

There are several threats to internal va

Exam 9: Experiments

The use of a replication in experimentation _____.

Which variable in an experiment is manipulated by the researcher?

The greatest weakness to the pretest-posttest control group design is _____.

Which term below refers to a study involving the manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable?

Resentful demoralization refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

What are the three types of evidence necessary to form a conclusion regarding the results of the bystanders and thieves study? Explain how each form of evidence would be used to draw a conclusion for the example provided.

Compensatory equalization refers to the treat to internal validity brought on when _____.

Which of the following could threaten the external validity of an experiment?

Which of the following is an example of a one-group pre-test post-test experimental design?

Environmental control in an experiment is necessary when ____ might influence the participants' reactions.

What is the first step in conducting an experiment?

The question,"Can we generalize the results of this experiment to the population at large?" is addressed by the degree of _____ associated with the experiment in question.

Which experimental design provides the best defense against the threats to internal validity?

If levels of attrition are high among study participants,_____ will threaten the internal validity of the study.

When an experiment is conducted in actual environmental conditions,it is called a(n)_____ experiment.

Which research design listed below is most appropriate for establishing causality?

To operationalize an experiment,all ____ must be predetermined.

Which term refers to the process of transforming concepts and constructs into measurable variables suitable for testing?

Which threat to internal validity occurs when events that occur before or during the experiment affect the relationship being studied?

List five possible threats to internal validity.How do these threats weaken a design?

Research in Business

Ethics in Business Research

Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: an Overview

Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

Qualitative Research

Observation Studies

Surveys

Measurement

Measurement Scales

Questionnaires and Instruments

Sampling

Data Preparation and Description

Exploring,Displaying,and Examining Data

Hypothesis Testing

Measures of Association

Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports

Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

Appendix 1A: How the Industry Works

Appendix 5A and 5B: Bibliographic Database Searchers and Advanced Searches

Appendix 9B: Test Markets

Appendix: Multivariate Supplement

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