Question 1

What does r2 measure

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of variation in one variable that is explained by the other 
B)  The proportion of error variation 
C)  The proportion of variation in Y related to the variation of the categories of X 
D)  The proportion of variation in Y due to the variation within each of the categories of X 
E)  The significance of the relationship between X and Y 
A)  The proportion of variation in one variable that is explained by the other 
B)  The proportion of error variation 
C)  The proportion of variation in Y related to the variation of the categories of X 
D)  The proportion of variation in Y due to the variation within each of the categories of X 
E)  The significance of the relationship between X and Y

Question 2

When discordant pairs exceed concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship,Kendall's tau reports a(n)_____ association between the variables under study.

Accepted Answer

A)  inverse 
B)  positive 
C)  negative 
D)  weak 
E)  strong 
A)  inverse 
B)  positive 
C)  negative 
D)  weak 
E)  strong

Question 3

Briefly explain how a researcher can benefit from using scatterplots.

Accepted Answer

A scatterplot is useful for de

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the intercept,β0?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the value of the dependent variable 
B)  It is the change in Y for a 1-unit change in X 
C)  It is the estimate of X when Y = 0 
D)  It is the estimate of Y when X = 0 
E)  It is also called the rise over run 
A)  It is the value of the dependent variable 
B)  It is the change in Y for a 1-unit change in X 
C)  It is the estimate of X when Y = 0 
D)  It is the estimate of Y when X = 0 
E)  It is also called the rise over run

Question 5

What does the sign of the correlation coefficient signify?

Accepted Answer

A)  The magnitude of the relationship 
B)  The significance of the relationship 
C)  The importance of the relationship 
D)  The direction of the relationship 
E)  The p value associated with the relationship 
A)  The magnitude of the relationship 
B)  The significance of the relationship 
C)  The importance of the relationship 
D)  The direction of the relationship 
E)  The p value associated with the relationship

Question 6

Which ordinal measure is a refinement of gamma for ordinal data that considers "tied" pairs?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 7

What size of cross-tabulation table is best for applying phi?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 x 2 
B)  2 x 3 
C)  3 x 3 
D)  3 x 4 
E)  Any size 
A)  2 x 2 
B)  2 x 3 
C)  3 x 3 
D)  3 x 4 
E)  Any size

Question 8

Which of the following symbols is used to reflect the measure,lambda?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 9

What measure supports how well the regression equation is able to predict Y?

Accepted Answer

A)  F test 
B)  Goodness of fit 
C)  R2 
D)  Alpha 
E)  P value 
A)  F test 
B)  Goodness of fit 
C)  R2 
D)  Alpha 
E)  P value

Question 10

Which of the following statistics is not based on the concept of concordant and discordant pairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kendall's tau b 
B)  Somers's d 
C)  Kendall's tau c 
D)  Gamma 
E)  Spearman's rho 
A)  Kendall's tau b 
B)  Somers's d 
C)  Kendall's tau c 
D)  Gamma 
E)  Spearman's rho

Question 11

Which measure of association for nominal variables attempts to correct X2 proportionately to N?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phi 
B)  Cramer's V 
C)  Contingency coefficient C 
D)  F ratio 
E)  Scheffe's S 
A)  Phi 
B)  Cramer's V 
C)  Contingency coefficient C 
D)  F ratio 
E)  Scheffe's S

Question 12

For a given sample size,how many pairs of observations will be present?

Accepted Answer

A)  n(n - 1)/2 
B)  n/2 
C)  n - 2/2 + n 
D)  P - Q/P + Q 
E)  none of the above 
A)  n(n - 1)/2 
B)  n/2 
C)  n - 2/2 + n 
D)  P - Q/P + Q 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

Which of the following measures is used to detect the strength of a relationship between nominal variables?

Accepted Answer

A)  Z score 
B)  t-test 
C)  X2 
D)  r2 
E)  β 
A)  Z score 
B)  t-test 
C)  X2 
D)  r2 
E)  β

Question 14

When we take the observed values of X to estimate or predict corresponding Y values,the process is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chi-square statistic 
B)  simple prediction 
C)  multiple regression 
D)  proportional reduction in error 
E)  prediction and confidence bands 
A)  Chi-square statistic 
B)  simple prediction 
C)  multiple regression 
D)  proportional reduction in error 
E)  prediction and confidence bands

Question 15

In a regression analysis,the actual values of Y may be found above or below the regression line.These deviations are called the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  standard deviation 
B)  error term 
C)  variance 
D)  standard error of the mean 
E)  slope 
A)  standard deviation 
B)  error term 
C)  variance 
D)  standard error of the mean 
E)  slope

Question 16

A visual depiction of the interaction of two variables,showing both direction and shape of the relationship is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  a Chi-square statistic 
B)  a scatterplot 
C)  a box plot 
D)  a positive correlation 
E)  a negative correlation 
A)  a Chi-square statistic 
B)  a scatterplot 
C)  a box plot 
D)  a positive correlation 
E)  a negative correlation

Question 17

When the number of discordant pairs and concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship is equal,the interpretation is that the variables _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are perfectly correlated 
B)  have a weak but significant relationship 
C)  are normally distributed 
D)  have no relationship 
E)  have a negative association 
A)  are perfectly correlated 
B)  have a weak but significant relationship 
C)  are normally distributed 
D)  have no relationship 
E)  have a negative association

Question 18

The _____ measures the association between two variables after controlling or adjusting for the effects of one or more additional variables.

Accepted Answer

A)  regression analysis 
B)  partial correlation 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  product moment correlation 
E)  gamma 
A)  regression analysis 
B)  partial correlation 
C)  ANOVA 
D)  product moment correlation 
E)  gamma

Question 19

Which of the following is possible when r = 0?

Accepted Answer

A)  No pattern is evident that can be described with a single line 
B)  Variables are related but the relationship is nonlinear 
C)  The pattern is linear such that a straight line passes through the data array 
D)  The pattern is three-dimensional 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  No pattern is evident that can be described with a single line 
B)  Variables are related but the relationship is nonlinear 
C)  The pattern is linear such that a straight line passes through the data array 
D)  The pattern is three-dimensional 
E)  Both a and b

Question 20

What is the meaning of a significant correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reflects the probability of the relationship occurring in the population 
B)  It reflects the magnitude of the relationship 
C)  It reflects the direction of the relationship 
D)  It reflects the importance of the finding 
E)  It refers to the meaningfulness of the result 
A)  It reflects the probability of the relationship occurring in the population 
B)  It reflects the magnitude of the relationship 
C)  It reflects the direction of the relationship 
D)  It reflects the importance of the finding 
E)  It refers to the meaningfulness of the result

Exam 18: Measures of Association

What does r2 measure

When discordant pairs exceed concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship,Kendall's tau reports a(n)_____ association between the variables under study.

Briefly explain how a researcher can benefit from using scatterplots.

Which of the following is true of the intercept,β0?

What does the sign of the correlation coefficient signify?

Which ordinal measure is a refinement of gamma for ordinal data that considers "tied" pairs?

What size of cross-tabulation table is best for applying phi?

Which of the following symbols is used to reflect the measure,lambda?

What measure supports how well the regression equation is able to predict Y?

Which of the following statistics is not based on the concept of concordant and discordant pairs?

Which measure of association for nominal variables attempts to correct X2 proportionately to N?

For a given sample size,how many pairs of observations will be present?

Which of the following measures is used to detect the strength of a relationship between nominal variables?

When we take the observed values of X to estimate or predict corresponding Y values,the process is called ____.

In a regression analysis,the actual values of Y may be found above or below the regression line.These deviations are called the _____.

A visual depiction of the interaction of two variables,showing both direction and shape of the relationship is called _______.

When the number of discordant pairs and concordant pairs in a P-Q relationship is equal,the interpretation is that the variables _____.

The _____ measures the association between two variables after controlling or adjusting for the effects of one or more additional variables.

Which of the following is possible when r = 0?

What is the meaning of a significant correlation coefficient?

Research in Business

Ethics in Business Research

Thinking Like a Researcher

The Research Process: an Overview

Clarifying the Research Question Through Secondary Data and Exploration

Research Design: An Overview

Qualitative Research

Observation Studies

Experiments

Surveys

Measurement

Measurement Scales

Questionnaires and Instruments

Sampling

Data Preparation and Description

Exploring,Displaying,and Examining Data

Hypothesis Testing

Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports

Presenting Insights and Findings: Oral Presentations

Appendix 1A: How the Industry Works

Appendix 5A and 5B: Bibliographic Database Searchers and Advanced Searches

Appendix 9B: Test Markets

Appendix: Multivariate Supplement

Filters

What does r² measure

Which of the following is true of the intercept,β₀?

Which measure of association for nominal variables attempts to correct X² proportionately to N?