Question 1

The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following quantities?

Accepted Answer

A) the average speed of its molecules 
B) the average momentum of its molecules 
C) the average kinetic energy of its molecules 
D) the mass of its molecules 
E) It is proportional to all of the above quantities. 
A) the average speed of its molecules 
B) the average momentum of its molecules 
C) the average kinetic energy of its molecules 
D) the mass of its molecules 
E) It is proportional to all of the above quantities.

Question 2

An ideal gas has a pressure of 2.5 atm,a volume of 1.0 L at a temperature of 30°C.How many molecules are there in this gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1.00 atm = 101 kPa,NA = 6.022 × 1023)

Accepted Answer

A) 6.1 × 1023 
B) 6.0 × 1022 
C) 2.4 × 1022 
D) 2.3 × 1023 
A) 6.1 × 1023 
B) 6.0 × 1022 
C) 2.4 × 1022 
D) 2.3 × 1023

Question 3

A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of  
The boiling point is  
And the heat of vaporization is  
At a pressure of one atmosphere.The specific heats for the solid,liquid,and gaseous phases are 600 J/kg ∙ K (solid),1000 J/kg ∙ K (liquid),and 400 J/kg ∙ K (gaseous).How much heat is given up by  
Of this substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 86°C at a pressure of one atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A) 400 kJ 
B) 200 kJ 
C) 300 kJ 
D) 440 kJ 
E) 640 kJ 
A) 400 kJ 
B) 200 kJ 
C) 300 kJ 
D) 440 kJ 
E) 640 kJ

Question 4

The root-mean-square speed of the molecules of an ideal gas is v.The gas is now slowly compressed to one-half its original volume with no change in temperature.What is the root-mean-square speed of the molecules now?

Accepted Answer

A) 4v 
B) 2v 
C) v/   
D) v 
E) v/2 
A) 4v 
B) 2v 
C) v/   
D) v 
E) v/2

Question 5

If the temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 20°C to 40°C,by what percent does the speed of the molecules increase?

Accepted Answer

A) 3% 
B) 30% 
C) 70% 
D) 100% 
A) 3% 
B) 30% 
C) 70% 
D) 100%

Question 6

When a sample of water at 0.0°C is cooled to -36.0°C and freezes in the process,935,000 kJ of heat is liberated.What is the mass of this sample of water? For water LF = 334,000 J/kg,LV = 2.256 × 106 J/kg,and the specific heat of ice is 2050 J/kg ∙ °C.

Accepted Answer

A) 2290 kg 
B) 1145 kg 
C) 2800 kg 
D) 12,700 kg 
A) 2290 kg 
B) 1145 kg 
C) 2800 kg 
D) 12,700 kg

Question 7

At what temperature would the root-mean-square speed of hydrogen,H2,molecules equal 11.2 km/s (the earth's escape speed)? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 × 10-27 kg,and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.01 × 102 K 
B) 1.01 × 104 K 
C) 1.01 × 106 K 
D) 1.01 × 108 K 
A) 1.01 × 102 K 
B) 1.01 × 104 K 
C) 1.01 × 106 K 
D) 1.01 × 108 K

Question 8

Solar houses use a variety of energy storage devices to retain the heat absorbed during the day so that it can be released during the night.Suppose that you were to use a device of this kind to produce steam at 100°C during the day,and then allow the steam to cool to 0°C and freeze during the night.How many kilograms of water would be needed to store 20.0 kWh of energy in this way? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg,the latent heat of fusion of water is 33.5 × 104 J/kg,and the specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 12.4 kg 
B) 23.9 kg 
C) 35.7 kg 
D) 42.6 kg 
E) 54.2 kg 
A) 12.4 kg 
B) 23.9 kg 
C) 35.7 kg 
D) 42.6 kg 
E) 54.2 kg

Question 9

A laboratory vacuum pump can reduce the pressure in a chamber to 1.0 × 10-7 Pa.If the volume of the chamber is 0.500 m3 and the temperature is 27°C,how many molecules are left inside the chamber? (NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol,R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

Accepted Answer

A) 1.2 × 1013 
B) 2.4 × 1013 
C) 1.2 × 1012 
D) 2.4 × 1012 
E) 1.2 × 1014 
A) 1.2 × 1013 
B) 2.4 × 1013 
C) 1.2 × 1012 
D) 2.4 × 1012 
E) 1.2 × 1014

Question 10

How many moles are there in 2.00 kg of copper? The atomic weight of copper is 63.5 g/mol and its density is 8.90 g/cm3.

Accepted Answer

A) 15.3 
B) 31.5 
C) 51.3 
D) 53.1 
A) 15.3 
B) 31.5 
C) 51.3 
D) 53.1

Question 11

As one stretches a metal wire,which condition is reached first?

Accepted Answer

A) the elastic limit 
B) the breaking point 
C) the proportional limit 
A) the elastic limit 
B) the breaking point 
C) the proportional limit

Question 12

A 3.9-L volume of ideal neon gas (monatomic)is at a pressure of 5.6 aym and a temperature of 330 K.  The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol. The temperature of the gas is now increased to 430 K and the volume is increased to 5.9 L. 
What is the final pressure of the gas?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.8 atm 
B) 4.3 atm 
C) 5.3 atm 
D) 5.8 atm 
E) 6.3 atm 
A) 4.8 atm 
B) 4.3 atm 
C) 5.3 atm 
D) 5.8 atm 
E) 6.3 atm

Question 13

The melting point of aluminum is 660°C,its latent heat of fusion is 4.00 × 105 J/kg,and its specific heat is 900J/kg ∙ K.How much heat must be added to 500 g of aluminum originally at 27°C to completely melt it?

Accepted Answer

A) 485 kJ 
B) 395 kJ 
C) 273 kJ 
D) 147 kJ 
E) 14 kJ 
A) 485 kJ 
B) 395 kJ 
C) 273 kJ 
D) 147 kJ 
E) 14 kJ

Question 14

A weather balloon containing 2.0 m3 of hydrogen gas rises from a location at which the temperature is 22°C and the pressure is 101 kPa to a location where the temperature is -39°C and the pressure is 20 kPa.If the balloon is free to expand so that the pressure of the gas inside is equal to the ambient pressure,what is the new volume of the balloon?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.0 m3 
B) 6.0 m3 
C) 8.0 m3 
D) 10 m3 
E) 12 m3 
A) 4.0 m3 
B) 6.0 m3 
C) 8.0 m3 
D) 10 m3 
E) 12 m3

Question 15

A vertical cylinder,closed at the bottom end,contains 0.0100 mol of ideal gas.It is fitted at the top with a piston that can move freely.The mass of the piston is 14.0 kg and the initial height of the piston above the bottom of the cylinder is 25 cm.What is the temperature of the gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

Accepted Answer

A) 290 K 
B) 413 K 
C) 3620 K 
D) 405 K 
E) 500 K 
A) 290 K 
B) 413 K 
C) 3620 K 
D) 405 K 
E) 500 K

Question 16

A 4.2-L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic)is at a pressure of 3.3 atm and a temperature of 450 K.The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol.How many neon atoms are in the flask? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1 atm = 101 kPa,NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol)

Accepted Answer

A) 2.3 × 1023 
B) 2.3 × 1022 
C) 6.9 × 1023 
D) 2.3 × 1025 
E) 6.9 × 1022 
A) 2.3 × 1023 
B) 2.3 × 1022 
C) 6.9 × 1023 
D) 2.3 × 1025 
E) 6.9 × 1022

Question 17

A 44.0-g block of ice at -15.0°C is dropped into a calorimeter (of negligible heat capacity)containing 100g.  Of water at 5.0°C.When equilibrium is reached,how much of the ice will have melted? The specific heat of ice is 2090 J/kg ∙ K,that of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K,and the latent heat of fusion of water is 33.5 × 104 J/kg.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.1 g 
B) 21 g 
C) 5.2 g 
D) 52 g 
E) 4.4 g 
A) 2.1 g 
B) 21 g 
C) 5.2 g 
D) 52 g 
E) 4.4 g

Question 18

A 0.50 m3  Gas tank holds 3.0 moles of ideal diatomic nitrogen gas at a temperature of 350 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. What is the rms speed of the molecules? (The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K,NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol. )

Accepted Answer

A) 560 
B) 790 
C) 390 
D) 21 
E) 97 
A) 560 
B) 790 
C) 390 
D) 21 
E) 97

Question 19

A 1200-kg car is being raised at a constant speed if 25 cm/s by a crane,using a 20-m long steel cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter.Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa.What is the change in length of the cable caused by the car?

Accepted Answer

A) 6.7 mm 
B) 6.7 cm 
C) 3.3 mm 
D) 3.3 cm 
E) 3.3 m 
A) 6.7 mm 
B) 6.7 cm 
C) 3.3 mm 
D) 3.3 cm 
E) 3.3 m

Question 20

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container,what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg,the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K,and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 100°C 
B) 112°C 
C) 123°C 
D) 147°C 
E) 195°C 
A) 100°C 
B) 112°C 
C) 123°C 
D) 147°C 
E) 195°C

Exam 17: Phases and Phase Changes

The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which of the following quantities?

An ideal gas has a pressure of 2.5 atm,a volume of 1.0 L at a temperature of 30°C.How many molecules are there in this gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1.00 atm = 101 kPa,NA = 6.022 × 1023)

The root-mean-square speed of the molecules of an ideal gas is v.The gas is now slowly compressed to one-half its original volume with no change in temperature.What is the root-mean-square speed of the molecules now?

If the temperature of an ideal gas is increased from 20°C to 40°C,by what percent does the speed of the molecules increase?

When a sample of water at 0.0°C is cooled to -36.0°C and freezes in the process,935,000 kJ of heat is liberated.What is the mass of this sample of water? For water LF = 334,000 J/kg,LV = 2.256 × 106 J/kg,and the specific heat of ice is 2050 J/kg ∙ °C.

At what temperature would the root-mean-square speed of hydrogen,H2,molecules equal 11.2 km/s (the earth's escape speed)? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 × 10-27 kg,and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K.

A laboratory vacuum pump can reduce the pressure in a chamber to 1.0 × 10-7 Pa.If the volume of the chamber is 0.500 m3 and the temperature is 27°C,how many molecules are left inside the chamber? (NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol,R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

How many moles are there in 2.00 kg of copper? The atomic weight of copper is 63.5 g/mol and its density is 8.90 g/cm3.

As one stretches a metal wire,which condition is reached first?

A 3.9-L volume of ideal neon gas (monatomic)is at a pressure of 5.6 aym and a temperature of 330 K. The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol. The temperature of the gas is now increased to 430 K and the volume is increased to 5.9 L. What is the final pressure of the gas?

The melting point of aluminum is 660°C,its latent heat of fusion is 4.00 × 105 J/kg,and its specific heat is 900J/kg ∙ K.How much heat must be added to 500 g of aluminum originally at 27°C to completely melt it?

A 4.2-L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic)is at a pressure of 3.3 atm and a temperature of 450 K.The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol.How many neon atoms are in the flask? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1 atm = 101 kPa,NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol)

A 0.50 m3 Gas tank holds 3.0 moles of ideal diatomic nitrogen gas at a temperature of 350 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. What is the rms speed of the molecules? (The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10-23 J/K,NA = 6.022 × 1023 molecules/mol. )

A 1200-kg car is being raised at a constant speed if 25 cm/s by a crane,using a 20-m long steel cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter.Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 1011 Pa.What is the change in length of the cable caused by the car?

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container,what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 105 J/kg,the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K,and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.

Introduction to Physics

One-Dimensional Kinematics

Vectors in Physics

Two-Dimensional Kinematics

Newtons Laws of Motion

Applications of Newtons Laws

Work and Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy

Linear Momentum and Collisions

Rotational Kinematics and Energy

Rotational Dynamics and Static Equilibrium

Gravity

Oscillations About Equilibrium

Waves and Sound

Fluids

Temperature and Heat

The Laws of Thermodynamics

Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields

Electric Potential and Electric

Electric Current and Direct-Current Circuits

Magnetism

Magnetic Flux and Faradays Law of Induction

Alternating-Current Circuits

Electromagnetic Waves

Geometrical Optics

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Physical Optics: Interference and Diffraction

Relativity

Quantum Physics

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Filters

An ideal gas has a pressure of 2.5 atm,a volume of 1.0 L at a temperature of 30°C.How many molecules are there in this gas? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1.00 atm = 101 kPa,N_A = 6.022 × 10²³)

When a sample of water at 0.0°C is cooled to -36.0°C and freezes in the process,935,000 kJ of heat is liberated.What is the mass of this sample of water? For water L_F = 334,000 J/kg,L_V = 2.256 × 10⁶ J/kg,and the specific heat of ice is 2050 J/kg ∙ °C.

At what temperature would the root-mean-square speed of hydrogen,H₂,molecules equal 11.2 km/s (the earth's escape speed)? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 × 10^-27kg,and the Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K.

A laboratory vacuum pump can reduce the pressure in a chamber to 1.0 × 10^-7 Pa.If the volume of the chamber is 0.500 m³ and the temperature is 27°C,how many molecules are left inside the chamber? (N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol,R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K)

How many moles are there in 2.00 kg of copper? The atomic weight of copper is 63.5 g/mol and its density is 8.90 g/cm³.

The melting point of aluminum is 660°C,its latent heat of fusion is 4.00 × 10⁵ J/kg,and its specific heat is 900J/kg ∙ K.How much heat must be added to 500 g of aluminum originally at 27°C to completely melt it?

A 4.2-L flask of ideal neon gas (which is monatomic)is at a pressure of 3.3 atm and a temperature of 450 K.The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol.How many neon atoms are in the flask? (R = 8.31 J/mol ∙ K,1 atm = 101 kPa,N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol)

A 0.50 m³ Gas tank holds 3.0 moles of ideal diatomic nitrogen gas at a temperature of 350 K. The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol. What is the rms speed of the molecules? (The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K,N_A = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol. )

A 1200-kg car is being raised at a constant speed if 25 cm/s by a crane,using a 20-m long steel cable that is 1.5 cm in diameter.Young's modulus for steel is 2.0 × 10¹¹ Pa.What is the change in length of the cable caused by the car?

If you add 1.33 MJ of heat to 500 g of water at 50°C in a sealed container,what is the final temperature of the steam? The latent heat of vaporization of water is 22.6 × 10⁵ J/kg,the specific heat of steam is 2010 J/kg ∙ K,and the specific heat of water is 4186 J/kg ∙ K.