Question 1

Which of the following is the best definition of the term half-life,as it applies to radioactive substances?

Accepted Answer

A) The time it takes for one half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay 
B) Half of the time it takes for the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay 
C) The number of radioactive atoms in a sample that decay in one half of a specified time period 
D) The average lifetime of a radioactive atom 
E) Half of the average lifetime of a radioactive atom 
A) The time it takes for one half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay 
B) Half of the time it takes for the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay 
C) The number of radioactive atoms in a sample that decay in one half of a specified time period 
D) The average lifetime of a radioactive atom 
E) Half of the average lifetime of a radioactive atom A

Question 2

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
i.Nuclear bombardment reactions produce isotopes that do not exist in nature
ii.If a particle is to be used in a particle accelerator,it must have an electrical charge
iii.All the elements having atomic numbers greater than 92 are called the transuranium elements

Accepted Answer

A) i only 
B) i and ii 
C) i and iii 
D) All of the statements are incorrect 
E) None of the statements is incorrect 
A) i only 
B) i and ii 
C) i and iii 
D) All of the statements are incorrect 
E) None of the statements is incorrect E

Question 3

Which of the following statements is or are false?
i.Radioactivity first appeared on earth in the late 1800s.
ii.Atoms cannot be changed from one element to another.
iii.If a sample of a substance is radioactive,the sample remains radioactive forever.

Accepted Answer

A) i only 
B) i and ii 
C) i and iii 
D) ii and iii 
E) i, ii, and iii 
A) i only 
B) i and ii 
C) i and iii 
D) ii and iii 
E) i, ii, and iii E

Question 4

Consider the following image representing an atom.   Which of the following types of radioactive decay would produce the largest mass change in the structure shown at the bottom of the image?

Accepted Answer

A) α 
B) β 
C) γ 
D) α and β would produce about the same change. 
A) α 
B) β 
C) γ 
D) α and β would produce about the same change.

Question 5

What distinguishes natural radioactivity from induced radioactivity produced by bombardment reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma rays are not emitted in natural radioactivity 
B) Gamma rays are not emitted in induced radioactivity 
C) Induced radioactivity produces radioactive elements not found in nature 
D) Induced radioactivity is still a theoretical concept; natural radioactivity actually occurs 
E) When naturally radioactive substances decay, they emit natural radiation, but when induced radioactive substances decay, they emit artificial radiation 
A) Gamma rays are not emitted in natural radioactivity 
B) Gamma rays are not emitted in induced radioactivity 
C) Induced radioactivity produces radioactive elements not found in nature 
D) Induced radioactivity is still a theoretical concept; natural radioactivity actually occurs 
E) When naturally radioactive substances decay, they emit natural radiation, but when induced radioactive substances decay, they emit artificial radiation

Question 6

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
i.The fuel elements in a nuclear fission reactor are simply long trays that hold fusionable matter in the reactor
ii.The moderator in a nuclear fission reactor governs the reaction rate
iii.The control rods in a nuclear fission reactor slow neutrons

Accepted Answer

A) i only 
B) i and iii 
C) ii and iii 
D) None is incorrect 
E) All are incorrect 
A) i only 
B) i and iii 
C) ii and iii 
D) None is incorrect 
E) All are incorrect

Question 7

Which of the following units is most commonly used to express radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

A) rem 
B) R 
C) J 
D) rad 
E) All can be used to measure radiation exposure. 
A) rem 
B) R 
C) J 
D) rad 
E) All can be used to measure radiation exposure.

Question 8

Which of the following is a process for which synthetic radioactive sample are used?

Accepted Answer

A) Medicinal applications 
B) Food preservation 
C) Studies of piston wear 
D) Monitoring the progress of certain oils through pipelines 
E) All of the above 
A) Medicinal applications 
B) Food preservation 
C) Studies of piston wear 
D) Monitoring the progress of certain oils through pipelines 
E) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
i.Chemists use "tagged" atoms as radioactive tracers to study the series of individual steps in complicated reactions
ii.A few dozen uses for synthetic radioactive nuclei are known today
iii.Artificial radioactive nuclei cannot be used in food preservation because the food becomes radioactive

Accepted Answer

A) i only 
B) iii only 
C) i and ii 
D) ii and iii 
E) i, ii, and iii 
A) i only 
B) iii only 
C) i and ii 
D) ii and iii 
E) i, ii, and iii

Question 10

A waste sample exhibits radioactivity.In order to determine the total level of radioactivity of the sample,which of the following should be used?

Accepted Answer

A) Geiger counter 
B) scintillation counter 
C) gamma camera scanner 
D) a combination of a Geiger and a scintillation counter. 
A) Geiger counter 
B) scintillation counter 
C) gamma camera scanner 
D) a combination of a Geiger and a scintillation counter.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of the term transmutation?

Accepted Answer

A) Conversion of an atom from one element to another by means of a nuclear change 
B) A change that appears to take place by itself without outside influence 
C) The nucleus of a helium atom, often emitted in nuclear disintegration 
D) To change chemically into simpler substances 
E) A high-energy photon emission in radioactive disintegration 
A) Conversion of an atom from one element to another by means of a nuclear change 
B) A change that appears to take place by itself without outside influence 
C) The nucleus of a helium atom, often emitted in nuclear disintegration 
D) To change chemically into simpler substances 
E) A high-energy photon emission in radioactive disintegration

Question 12

A sample of   has an original mass of 57.3 mg,and after 24.0 hours the sample mass is 15.6 mg.1.88 half-lives correspond to 27.2% of the sample remaining.What is the half-life of   ?

Accepted Answer

A) 6.53 hr 
B) 12.3 hr 
C) 12.8 hr 
D) 24.0 hr 
E) 45.1 hr 
A) 6.53 hr 
B) 12.3 hr 
C) 12.8 hr 
D) 24.0 hr 
E) 45.1 hr

Question 13

Which of the following is or are reasons why the building and continued use of nuclear power plants faces some opposition in the United States?
i.The threat of an accident that might release large amounts of radiation.
ii.Disposal of the radioactive wastes that are generated by nuclear reactors.
iii.Fear that an irresponsible government may use nuclear fuel to manufacture nuclear weapons.

Accepted Answer

A) iii only 
B) i and ii 
C) i and iii 
D) ii and iii 
E) i, ii, and iii 
A) iii only 
B) i and ii 
C) i and iii 
D) ii and iii 
E) i, ii, and iii

Question 14

The half-life of   is 2.7 days.If you begin with 25 grams of   ,how many grams will you have 10.8 days later?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.6 g 
B) 2.3 g 
C) 6.3 g 
D) 9.3 g 
E) 0.32 g 
A) 1.6 g 
B) 2.3 g 
C) 6.3 g 
D) 9.3 g 
E) 0.32 g

Question 15

Which of the following represents the correct nuclear equation for the ejection of an alpha particle from   ?

Accepted Answer

A)    →   +   
B)    
C)    
D)    →   +   
E)    →   +   
A)    →   +   
B)    
C)    
D)    →   +   
E)    →   +

Question 16

Which of the following represents the correct nuclear equation for the beta emission of   ?

Accepted Answer

A)    +   →   
B)    →   +   
C)    
D)    
E)    +   →   
A)    +   →   
B)    →   +   
C)    
D)    
E)    +   →

Question 17

Which of the following best defines the term chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) A reaction that occurs in a star 
B) A nuclear product of one reaction becomes a nuclear reactant in a subsequent reaction 
C) A nuclear reaction that can have many products, each linked to the other like links in a chain 
D) A reaction that occurs in fusion reactors in which the reactant nuclei are chemically chained to one another 
E) A reaction that occurs in fusion reactors in which the product nuclei are chemically chained to one another 
A) A reaction that occurs in a star 
B) A nuclear product of one reaction becomes a nuclear reactant in a subsequent reaction 
C) A nuclear reaction that can have many products, each linked to the other like links in a chain 
D) A reaction that occurs in fusion reactors in which the reactant nuclei are chemically chained to one another 
E) A reaction that occurs in fusion reactors in which the product nuclei are chemically chained to one another

Question 18

Which of the following statements is the best comparison of the chemical properties of oxygen-15 and oxygen-16?

Accepted Answer

A) The reactivity of the heavier elements will be greater with oxygen-16 
B) The reactivity of the heavier elements will be greater with oxygen-15 
C) Oxygen-16 will undergo more frequent reactions 
D) Oxygen-15 will undergo more frequent reactions 
E) There is no difference in the chemical properties of the two isotopes 
A) The reactivity of the heavier elements will be greater with oxygen-16 
B) The reactivity of the heavier elements will be greater with oxygen-15 
C) Oxygen-16 will undergo more frequent reactions 
D) Oxygen-15 will undergo more frequent reactions 
E) There is no difference in the chemical properties of the two isotopes

Question 19

Consider the following description of an instrument used to detect radioactivity:
A tube contains argon at low pressure.A high electrical potential is established between a positively charged wire in the center and the negatively charged case.Radiation enters the window and ionizes the argon.The ions move toward the electrodes,producing a measurable electrical pulse and an audible "click." What is the name of this instrument?

Accepted Answer

A) Gamma camera and scanner 
B) Scintillation counter 
C) Geiger counter 
D) Cloud chamber 
E) Spectrophotometer 
A) Gamma camera and scanner 
B) Scintillation counter 
C) Geiger counter 
D) Cloud chamber 
E) Spectrophotometer

Question 20

Choose the correct nuclear symbol for the missing species to complete the following nuclear bombardment equation:   + ? →

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Which of the following is the best definition of the term half-life,as it applies to radioactive substances?

Which of the following statements is or are false? i.Radioactivity first appeared on earth in the late 1800s. ii.Atoms cannot be changed from one element to another. iii.If a sample of a substance is radioactive,the sample remains radioactive forever.

Consider the following image representing an atom. Which of the following types of radioactive decay would produce the largest mass change in the structure shown at the bottom of the image?

What distinguishes natural radioactivity from induced radioactivity produced by bombardment reactions?

Which of the following units is most commonly used to express radiation exposure?

Which of the following is a process for which synthetic radioactive sample are used?

A waste sample exhibits radioactivity.In order to determine the total level of radioactivity of the sample,which of the following should be used?

Which of the following is the best definition of the term transmutation?

A sample of has an original mass of 57.3 mg,and after 24.0 hours the sample mass is 15.6 mg.1.88 half-lives correspond to 27.2% of the sample remaining.What is the half-life of ?

The half-life of is 2.7 days.If you begin with 25 grams of ,how many grams will you have 10.8 days later?

Which of the following represents the correct nuclear equation for the ejection of an alpha particle from ?

Which of the following represents the correct nuclear equation for the beta emission of ?

Which of the following best defines the term chain reaction?

Which of the following statements is the best comparison of the chemical properties of oxygen-15 and oxygen-16?

Choose the correct nuclear symbol for the missing species to complete the following nuclear bombardment equation: + ? →

Matter and Energy

Measurement and Chemical Calculations

Introduction to Gases

Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Formula Relationships

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Change

Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom

Chemical Bonding

Structure and Shape

The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acidbase Proton Transferreactions

Chemical Equilibrium

Oxidationreduction Electron Transferreactions

Organic Chemistry

Biochemistry

Filters

Exam 20: Nuclear Chemistry

Which of the following is the best definition of the term half-life,as it applies to radioactive substances?

Which of the following statements is or are false? i.Radioactivity first appeared on earth in the late 1800s. ii.Atoms cannot be changed from one element to another. iii.If a sample of a substance is radioactive,the sample remains radioactive forever.

Consider the following image representing an atom. Which of the following types of radioactive decay would produce the largest mass change in the structure shown at the bottom of the image?

What distinguishes natural radioactivity from induced radioactivity produced by bombardment reactions?

Which of the following units is most commonly used to express radiation exposure?

Which of the following is a process for which synthetic radioactive sample are used?

A waste sample exhibits radioactivity.In order to determine the total level of radioactivity of the sample,which of the following should be used?

Which of the following is the best definition of the term transmutation?

A sample of has an original mass of 57.3 mg,and after 24.0 hours the sample mass is 15.6 mg.1.88 half-lives correspond to 27.2% of the sample remaining.What is the half-life of ?

The half-life of is 2.7 days.If you begin with 25 grams of ,how many grams will you have 10.8 days later?

Which of the following represents the correct nuclear equation for the ejection of an alpha particle from ?

Which of the following represents the correct nuclear equation for the beta emission of ?

Which of the following best defines the term chain reaction?

Which of the following statements is the best comparison of the chemical properties of oxygen-15 and oxygen-16?

Choose the correct nuclear symbol for the missing species to complete the following nuclear bombardment equation: + ? →

Matter and Energy

Measurement and Chemical Calculations

Introduction to Gases

Atomic Theory: The Nuclear Model of the Atom

Chemical Nomenclature

Chemical Formula Relationships

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Change

Quantity Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Atomic Theory: The Quantum Model of the Atom

Chemical Bonding

Structure and Shape

The Ideal Gas Law and Its Applications

Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Acidbase Proton Transferreactions

Chemical Equilibrium

Oxidationreduction Electron Transferreactions

Organic Chemistry

Biochemistry

Filters