Question 1

Tear fluids and other secretions are rich in:

Accepted Answer

A) IgA. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM. 
A) IgA. 
B) IgE. 
C) IgG. 
D) IgM.

Question 2

Cancer cells should be recognized by the immune system and destroyed.Which of the following cell and receptors combinations are often dysregulated in tumors?

Accepted Answer

A) colon cancer epithelial cells - CTLA-4 
B) macrophages - class I MHC 
C) Tregs - CD40 
D) T cells - PD-1 
A) colon cancer epithelial cells - CTLA-4 
B) macrophages - class I MHC 
C) Tregs - CD40 
D) T cells - PD-1

Question 3

Describe how the heavy chains and light chains are arranged in IgA or IgG antibody molecules.

Accepted Answer

IgA and IgG immunoglobulins are each com

Question 4

Self-antigens in the retina and central nervous system are the beneficiaries of a form of tolerance called:

Accepted Answer

A) anergy. 
B) central tolerance. 
C) clonal exhaustion. 
D) immune privilege. 
A) anergy. 
B) central tolerance. 
C) clonal exhaustion. 
D) immune privilege.

Question 5

Explain why only one in three attempts at somatic recombination results in a productive VJ or VDJ combination.

Accepted Answer

The final steps in somatic recombination

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical or chemical barrier to pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) lysozymes in tears 
B) acids secreted in the stomach 
C) phagocytes 
D) tight junctions between epithelial cells 
A) lysozymes in tears 
B) acids secreted in the stomach 
C) phagocytes 
D) tight junctions between epithelial cells

Question 7

Which cell type is responsible for providing an innate immune response to viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages 
B) natural killer cells 
C) dendritic cells 
D) epithelial cells 
A) macrophages 
B) natural killer cells 
C) dendritic cells 
D) epithelial cells

Question 8

Which receptor proteins are displayed by dendritic cells and specialize in the recognition of microbial and viral products?

Accepted Answer

A) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 
B) class I MHC proteins 
C) class II MHC proteins 
D) T-cell receptor proteins 
A) Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 
B) class I MHC proteins 
C) class II MHC proteins 
D) T-cell receptor proteins

Question 9

Class switch recombination generates antibodies with:

Accepted Answer

A) different light-chain variable regions. 
B) different light-chain constant regions. 
C) different heavy-chain variable regions. 
D) different heavy-chain constant regions. 
A) different light-chain variable regions. 
B) different light-chain constant regions. 
C) different heavy-chain variable regions. 
D) different heavy-chain constant regions.

Question 10

Autoimmune diseases are associated with particular alleles of genes for:

Accepted Answer

A) cytokines. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) MHC proteins. 
D) T-cell receptors. 
A) cytokines. 
B) immunoglobulins. 
C) MHC proteins. 
D) T-cell receptors.

Question 11

Irradiation prevents mice from generating their own T cells.When the immune systems of irradiated mice are reconstituted with unfractionated CD4 cells,the recipients show no signs of autoimmune disease.However,if the T cells are depleted of the CD4+CD25+ subset prior to transfer,recipients show multi-organ autoimmunity.This result demonstrates the role of _____ in suppressing autoimmunity.

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) helper T cells 
C) regulatory T cells 
D) all of the above 
A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) helper T cells 
C) regulatory T cells 
D) all of the above

Question 12

Patients who have received an organ transplant take an immunosuppressant called cyclosporine to:

Accepted Answer

A) encourage the patient's T cells to recognize the new organ cells as "self". 
B) upregulate T-regulatory cells to prevent any immune response against the new organ. 
C) prevent clonal expansion through inhibition of IL-2 transcription. 
D) inhibit calcineurin which results in less NFAT phosphorylation. 
A) encourage the patient's T cells to recognize the new organ cells as "self". 
B) upregulate T-regulatory cells to prevent any immune response against the new organ. 
C) prevent clonal expansion through inhibition of IL-2 transcription. 
D) inhibit calcineurin which results in less NFAT phosphorylation.

Question 13

Fluid and immune system cells can escape from blood vessels to provide nutrients and defensive proteins to tissues.How are the cells and fluid replaced to maintain homeostasis in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Fluid and cells that leave the circulati

Question 14

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing mouse spleen cells with:

Accepted Answer

A) primary B cells. 
B) immature B cells. 
C) HGPRT-deficient myeloma cells. 
D) T-cells. 
A) primary B cells. 
B) immature B cells. 
C) HGPRT-deficient myeloma cells. 
D) T-cells.

Question 15

Which of the following peaks earliest in the time course of a viral infection?

Accepted Answer

A) type I interferons 
B) NK cells 
C) virus-specific CTLs 
D) antibody titers 
A) type I interferons 
B) NK cells 
C) virus-specific CTLs 
D) antibody titers

Question 16

Experiments that first identified a role for the MHC gene locus in tissue identification were successful in mice because:

Accepted Answer

A) mice can yield large litters,and great numbers of offspring were needed for genetic analyses. 
B) mice have very small genomes,making it easier to link genetic changes to functional changes. 
C) mice with identical genetic backgrounds were able to accept tissue transplants,but other strains of mice rejected the tissue. 
D) mice without intact immune systems are routinely used to study the effects of MHC molecules. 
A) mice can yield large litters,and great numbers of offspring were needed for genetic analyses. 
B) mice have very small genomes,making it easier to link genetic changes to functional changes. 
C) mice with identical genetic backgrounds were able to accept tissue transplants,but other strains of mice rejected the tissue. 
D) mice without intact immune systems are routinely used to study the effects of MHC molecules.

Question 17

In the thymus,T cells can be deleted only if:

Accepted Answer

A) the appropriate self-antigen is represented adequately in the thymus as MHC-peptide complexes. 
B) the appropriate self-antigen is not present in the thymus as a MHC-complex. 
C) the T cell cannot engage self MHC proteins. 
D) the appropriate self-antigen is represented adequately in the thymus as MHC-peptide complexes,and
The T cell cannot engage self MHC proteins. 
A) the appropriate self-antigen is represented adequately in the thymus as MHC-peptide complexes. 
B) the appropriate self-antigen is not present in the thymus as a MHC-complex. 
C) the T cell cannot engage self MHC proteins. 
D) the appropriate self-antigen is represented adequately in the thymus as MHC-peptide complexes,and
The T cell cannot engage self MHC proteins.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a heavy chain isotype?

Accepted Answer

A) δ 
B) γ 
C) k 
D) μ 
A) δ 
B) γ 
C) k 
D) μ

Question 19

When comparing transcytosis of IgA in tears and IgG in neonates,which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) Both processes involve transport into and back out of an epithelial cell. 
B) Both processes require recognition of the immunoglobulin by a cell surface receptor. 
C) Both processes result in cleavage by proteolysis to release the bound immunoglobulin. 
D) Both processes rely on vesicle trafficking within a cell. 
A) Both processes involve transport into and back out of an epithelial cell. 
B) Both processes require recognition of the immunoglobulin by a cell surface receptor. 
C) Both processes result in cleavage by proteolysis to release the bound immunoglobulin. 
D) Both processes rely on vesicle trafficking within a cell.

Question 20

Describe the role of Fc receptor proteins in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Accepted Answer

Cells such as monocytes and natural kill

Exam 22: Immunology

Tear fluids and other secretions are rich in:

Cancer cells should be recognized by the immune system and destroyed.Which of the following cell and receptors combinations are often dysregulated in tumors?

Describe how the heavy chains and light chains are arranged in IgA or IgG antibody molecules.

Self-antigens in the retina and central nervous system are the beneficiaries of a form of tolerance called:

Explain why only one in three attempts at somatic recombination results in a productive VJ or VDJ combination.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a mechanical or chemical barrier to pathogens?

Which cell type is responsible for providing an innate immune response to viruses?

Which receptor proteins are displayed by dendritic cells and specialize in the recognition of microbial and viral products?

Class switch recombination generates antibodies with:

Autoimmune diseases are associated with particular alleles of genes for:

Patients who have received an organ transplant take an immunosuppressant called cyclosporine to:

Fluid and immune system cells can escape from blood vessels to provide nutrients and defensive proteins to tissues.How are the cells and fluid replaced to maintain homeostasis in the bloodstream?

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing mouse spleen cells with:

Which of the following peaks earliest in the time course of a viral infection?

Experiments that first identified a role for the MHC gene locus in tissue identification were successful in mice because:

In the thymus,T cells can be deleted only if:

Which of the following is NOT a heavy chain isotype?

When comparing transcytosis of IgA in tears and IgG in neonates,which of the following is NOT true?

Describe the role of Fc receptor proteins in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

Chemical Foundations

Molecular Genetic Techniques

Protein Structure and Function

Culturing and Visualizing Cells

Fundamental Molecular Genetic Mechanisms

Bio-membrane Structure

Genes Genomics and Chromosomes

Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

Post-Transcriptional Gene Control

Transmembrane Transport of Ions and Small Molecules

Cellular Energetics

Moving Proteins Into Membranes and Organelles

Vesicular Traffic, Secretion, and Endocytosis

Signal Transduction and G-Protein Coupled Receptors

Signaling Pathways That Control Gene Activity

Cell Organization and Movement I: Microfilaments

Cell Organization and Movement II: Microtubules and Intermediate Filaments

Regulating the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Integrating Cells Into Tissues

Cell Birth, Lineage, and Death

Nerve Cells

Cancer

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