Question 1

All of the following apply to attenuation mechanisms,except:

Accepted Answer

A)  They are used most often for operons for amino acid synthesis. 
B)  They involve the synthesis of proteins in the regulation of RNA synthesis. 
C)  The rate of RNA synthesis is regulated by the conformation of the protein being synthesized. 
D)  They require the presence of partially completed mRNA molecules. 
E)  All of these apply to attenuation mechanisms. 
A)  They are used most often for operons for amino acid synthesis. 
B)  They involve the synthesis of proteins in the regulation of RNA synthesis. 
C)  The rate of RNA synthesis is regulated by the conformation of the protein being synthesized. 
D)  They require the presence of partially completed mRNA molecules. 
E)  All of these apply to attenuation mechanisms.

Question 2

A single operon

Accepted Answer

A)  usually contains all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomolecule. 
B)  usually does not contain all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomolecule. 
C)  usually contains only a single structural gene for a critical enzyme. 
D)  usually contains only a gene for a repressor. 
A)  usually contains all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomolecule. 
B)  usually does not contain all the enzymes which are specific for the synthesis of a special biomolecule. 
C)  usually contains only a single structural gene for a critical enzyme. 
D)  usually contains only a gene for a repressor.

Question 3

Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

Accepted Answer

A)  can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. 
B)  dictate the direction that RNA Pol proceeds from the promoter. 
C)  dictate whether sigma (s) factor is required. 
D)  never occur. 
A)  can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. 
B)  dictate the direction that RNA Pol proceeds from the promoter. 
C)  dictate whether sigma (s) factor is required. 
D)  never occur.

Question 4

What is the function of the sigma (s) subunit of RNA polymerase in

Accepted Answer

A)  It recognizes promoters where transcription should begin. 
B)  It contains the active site for synthesis of RNA. 
C)  It ensures proper processitvity of the polymerase, so it doesn't stop prematurely. 
D)  It is involved in chain termination. 
E)  coli? 
A)  It recognizes promoters where transcription should begin. 
B)  It contains the active site for synthesis of RNA. 
C)  It ensures proper processitvity of the polymerase, so it doesn't stop prematurely. 
D)  It is involved in chain termination. 
E)  coli?

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. 
B)  The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. 
C)  The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II. 
D)  Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are generally monomeric. 
A)  Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. 
B)  The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. 
C)  The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II. 
D)  Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are generally monomeric.

Question 6

A transcription factor is

Accepted Answer

A)  a subunit of RNA polymerase II that does not have a prokaryotic analogue. 
B)  the part of the promoter sequence closest to the start of transcription. 
C)  a protein other than RNA polymerase that is involved in transcription. 
D)  a sequence that determines whether an upstream element will be an enhancer or silencer. 
A)  a subunit of RNA polymerase II that does not have a prokaryotic analogue. 
B)  the part of the promoter sequence closest to the start of transcription. 
C)  a protein other than RNA polymerase that is involved in transcription. 
D)  a sequence that determines whether an upstream element will be an enhancer or silencer.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases,is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are 3 different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes, instead of just one. 
B)  Eukaryotic polymerases have the same number of subunits as prokaryotic ones. 
C)  Only prokaryotic polymerases use sigma factor. 
D)  The enzymatic mechanism is the same for both types of organisms. 
A)  There are 3 different RNA polymerases in eukaryotes, instead of just one. 
B)  Eukaryotic polymerases have the same number of subunits as prokaryotic ones. 
C)  Only prokaryotic polymerases use sigma factor. 
D)  The enzymatic mechanism is the same for both types of organisms.

Question 8

Cyclic AMP affects transcription by

Accepted Answer

A)  triggering the action of several protein factors 
B)  phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase 
C)  phosphorylating a transcription factor 
D)  inhibiting DNA looping 
A)  triggering the action of several protein factors 
B)  phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase 
C)  phosphorylating a transcription factor 
D)  inhibiting DNA looping

Question 9

Which is not associated with bacterial promoters?

Accepted Answer

A)  the transcription start site 
B)  the Pribnow box 
C)  the -35 element 
D)  3' antiterminator 
A)  the transcription start site 
B)  the Pribnow box 
C)  the -35 element 
D)  3' antiterminator

Question 10

Which of the following is true about micro RNAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a type of non-coding RNA 
B)  They are a type of small interfering RNA 
C)  They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms 
D)  All of these are true 
A)  They are a type of non-coding RNA 
B)  They are a type of small interfering RNA 
C)  They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms 
D)  All of these are true

Question 11

Inducers for operons are often structurally related to the enzyme substrates of that operon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends. 
A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends.

Question 13

Response elements

Accepted Answer

A)  are similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoter 
B)  are enhancers of transcription activated by metabolic factors 
C)  are not affected by steroids 
D)  are silencers of transcription triggered by the presence of metal ions 
A)  are similar to operons in that they are controlled by a single promoter 
B)  are enhancers of transcription activated by metabolic factors 
C)  are not affected by steroids 
D)  are silencers of transcription triggered by the presence of metal ions

Question 14

Alternative removal of exons from mRNA is important in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Troponins and other contractile proteins. 
B)  Different types of collagen. 
C)  The disease lupus. 
D)  Alzheimer's disease. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  Troponins and other contractile proteins. 
B)  Different types of collagen. 
C)  The disease lupus. 
D)  Alzheimer's disease. 
E)  All of these.

Question 15

Which of the following transcription factors is involved in the elongation phase of eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  TFIIA 
B)  TFIID 
C)  TFIIF 
D)  There are no transcription factors associated with elongation. 
A)  TFIIA 
B)  TFIID 
C)  TFIIF 
D)  There are no transcription factors associated with elongation.

Question 16

In prokaryotic RNA synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the elongation process 
B)  the r (rho) protein is always required for termination 
C)  a unique series of three bases leads to termination 
D)  inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termination 
A)  the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the elongation process 
B)  the r (rho) protein is always required for termination 
C)  a unique series of three bases leads to termination 
D)  inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termination

Question 17

Which of the following is the best description of an operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  An enhancer that positively regulates gene expression. 
B)  An silencer that negatively regulates gene expression. 
C)  A binding element for the sigma (s) factor. 
D)  A group of genes under the control of a common promoter. 
A)  An enhancer that positively regulates gene expression. 
B)  An silencer that negatively regulates gene expression. 
C)  A binding element for the sigma (s) factor. 
D)  A group of genes under the control of a common promoter.

Question 18

Attenuation mechanisms rely on alternative secondary structures forming in the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Consensus sequences are

Accepted Answer

A)  sequences that are invariant throughout the DNA. 
B)  sequences required for transcription to occur 
C)  sequences that have many bases in common 
D)  sequences that lie far upstream of the core promoter. 
A)  sequences that are invariant throughout the DNA. 
B)  sequences required for transcription to occur 
C)  sequences that have many bases in common 
D)  sequences that lie far upstream of the core promoter.

Question 20

A commonly encountered feature of transfer RNA synthesis is

Accepted Answer

A)  the precursor of several tRNA molecules is transcribed in one long polynucleotide sequence 
B)  there is little or no base modification after transcription 
C)  modification of the sugar moiety never takes place 
D)  the covalent binding of tRNA to specific proteins 
A)  the precursor of several tRNA molecules is transcribed in one long polynucleotide sequence 
B)  there is little or no base modification after transcription 
C)  modification of the sugar moiety never takes place 
D)  the covalent binding of tRNA to specific proteins

Exam 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

All of the following apply to attenuation mechanisms,except:

A single operon

Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

What is the function of the sigma (s) subunit of RNA polymerase in

Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false?

A transcription factor is

Which of the following statements about eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases,is false?

Cyclic AMP affects transcription by

Which is not associated with bacterial promoters?

Which of the following is true about micro RNAs?

Inducers for operons are often structurally related to the enzyme substrates of that operon.

Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Response elements

Alternative removal of exons from mRNA is important in which of the following?

Which of the following transcription factors is involved in the elongation phase of eukaryotic transcription?

In prokaryotic RNA synthesis

Which of the following is the best description of an operon?

Attenuation mechanisms rely on alternative secondary structures forming in the mRNA.

Consensus sequences are

A commonly encountered feature of transfer RNA synthesis is

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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