Question 1

One advantage of branched sugar polymers is the availability of more ends for chemical reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A furanose is a sugar that

Accepted Answer

A)  contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
B)  contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
C)  is a five-carbon open-chain sugar. 
D)  is a six-carbon open-chain sugar. 
A)  contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
B)  contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure. 
C)  is a five-carbon open-chain sugar. 
D)  is a six-carbon open-chain sugar.

Question 3

Polysaccharides used in cell wall structure contribute rigidity to the wall due to covalent cross-linking between the fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The cyclic form of sugars

Accepted Answer

A)  has one more chiral center (the anomeric carbon) than the open-chain form. 
B)  loses a chiral center compared to the open-chain form. 
C)  is not usually found in nature. 
D)  has one more carbon atom than the open-chain form. 
E)  has one less carbon atom than the open-chain form. 
A)  has one more chiral center (the anomeric carbon) than the open-chain form. 
B)  loses a chiral center compared to the open-chain form. 
C)  is not usually found in nature. 
D)  has one more carbon atom than the open-chain form. 
E)  has one less carbon atom than the open-chain form.

Question 5

The difference between cellobiose and maltose is:

Accepted Answer

A)  one contains glucose and the other fructose 
B)  they contain different monosaccharides 
C)  they both contain glucose units but are connected together at different carbons 
D)  one has an á linkage and the other a â linkage 
E)  there is no difference between the two 
A)  one contains glucose and the other fructose 
B)  they contain different monosaccharides 
C)  they both contain glucose units but are connected together at different carbons 
D)  one has an á linkage and the other a â linkage 
E)  there is no difference between the two

Question 6

The a and b forms of the same sugar are called

Accepted Answer

A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these 
A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these

Question 7

The most common biopolymer on earth is this carbohydrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose 
B)  Cellulose 
C)  Starch 
D)  Chitin 
E)  None of these carbohydrates is very common. 
A)  Glucose 
B)  Cellulose 
C)  Starch 
D)  Chitin 
E)  None of these carbohydrates is very common.

Question 8

The following sugar is also called fruit sugar:

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose 
A)  Fructose 
B)  Glucose 
C)  Lactose 
D)  Sucrose 
E)  Maltose

Question 9

Cell walls

Accepted Answer

A)  occur in plants, animals, and bacteria 
B)  are found in plants and bacteria, but have different chemical compositions 
C)  have the same chemical composition in plants and bacteria 
D)  have the same chemical composition in plants and animals 
A)  occur in plants, animals, and bacteria 
B)  are found in plants and bacteria, but have different chemical compositions 
C)  have the same chemical composition in plants and bacteria 
D)  have the same chemical composition in plants and animals

Question 10

Cellulose is indigestible to most animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze ester linkages between the monomer units 
B)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the a-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
C)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the b-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
D)  its molecular weight is too high for it to be degraded by enzymes 
A)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze ester linkages between the monomer units 
B)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the a-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
C)  animals do not have the enzymes needed to hydrolyze the b-glycosidic linkages between the monomer units 
D)  its molecular weight is too high for it to be degraded by enzymes

Question 11

Amino or acid derivatives of sugars are very important in which of the following biological functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Structural roles 
B)  Lubricating fluids 
C)  Cell surface sugars used in cell identity 
D)  Both structural roles and lubricating fluids. 
E)  All of the above are functions of amino and acid sugar derivatives. 
A)  Structural roles 
B)  Lubricating fluids 
C)  Cell surface sugars used in cell identity 
D)  Both structural roles and lubricating fluids. 
E)  All of the above are functions of amino and acid sugar derivatives.

Question 12

Glycosidic linkages between monosaccharide units may vary based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the anomeric form of the cyclic structure, i.e., a or b. 
B)  which -OH group is involved. 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these 
A)  the anomeric form of the cyclic structure, i.e., a or b. 
B)  which -OH group is involved. 
C)  both of these 
D)  none of these

Question 13

Sugars which differ in chirality only around one carbon are most specifically called

Accepted Answer

A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these 
A)  anomers. 
B)  diastereoisomers. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  epimers. 
E)  none of these

Question 14

Epimers are

Accepted Answer

A)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at two or more carbon atoms. 
B)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at a single carbon atom. 
C)  the a and b forms of cyclic sugars. 
D)  two related compounds, pyran and furan. 
A)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at two or more carbon atoms. 
B)  stereoisomers that differ from each other in their configuration at a single carbon atom. 
C)  the a and b forms of cyclic sugars. 
D)  two related compounds, pyran and furan.

Question 15

In bacterial cell walls

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides form nonspecific mixtures with proteins 
B)  polysaccharides are hydrogen bonded together 
C)  peptides form crosslinks between polysaccharides 
D)  oligosaccharides form crosslinks between proteins 
A)  polysaccharides form nonspecific mixtures with proteins 
B)  polysaccharides are hydrogen bonded together 
C)  peptides form crosslinks between polysaccharides 
D)  oligosaccharides form crosslinks between proteins

Question 16

One major difference between bacterial and plant cell walls is that bacterial cell walls have polysaccharides that are crosslinked by peptides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements associated with cellulose is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's a linear polymer of glucose. 
B)  The glycosidic linkage is b(1 4). 
C)  Hydrolysis is accomplished enzymatically by cellulase. 
D)  Most animals can easily digest this compound. 
A)  It's a linear polymer of glucose. 
B)  The glycosidic linkage is b(1 4). 
C)  Hydrolysis is accomplished enzymatically by cellulase. 
D)  Most animals can easily digest this compound.

Question 18

Which of the following compounds is produced by oxidation of an aldose in the cyclic form?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hemiacetal 
B)  a hemiketal 
C)  a lactone 
D)  an amino sugar 
A)  a hemiacetal 
B)  a hemiketal 
C)  a lactone 
D)  an amino sugar

Question 19

There are two forms of starch:

Accepted Answer

A)  amylose and glycogen, both of which are highly branched polysaccharides 
B)  glycogen and chitin, both of which are linear polysaccharides 
C)  amylopectin and glycogen, both of which are linear polysaccharides 
D)  amylose, which is a linear polysaccharide, and amylopectin, which is highly branched 
A)  amylose and glycogen, both of which are highly branched polysaccharides 
B)  glycogen and chitin, both of which are linear polysaccharides 
C)  amylopectin and glycogen, both of which are linear polysaccharides 
D)  amylose, which is a linear polysaccharide, and amylopectin, which is highly branched

Question 20

The main difference,on the surface of a red blood cell,between the A-B-O major blood groups depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of a certain protein sequence. 
B)  the presence or absence of a certain sugar. 
C)  the presence or absence of an acetyl group on a sugar. 
D)  all of these 
A)  the presence or absence of a certain protein sequence. 
B)  the presence or absence of a certain sugar. 
C)  the presence or absence of an acetyl group on a sugar. 
D)  all of these

Exam 16: Carbohydrates

One advantage of branched sugar polymers is the availability of more ends for chemical reaction.

A furanose is a sugar that

Polysaccharides used in cell wall structure contribute rigidity to the wall due to covalent cross-linking between the fibers.

The cyclic form of sugars

The difference between cellobiose and maltose is:

The a and b forms of the same sugar are called

The most common biopolymer on earth is this carbohydrate:

The following sugar is also called fruit sugar:

Cell walls

Cellulose is indigestible to most animals because

Amino or acid derivatives of sugars are very important in which of the following biological functions?

Glycosidic linkages between monosaccharide units may vary based on

Sugars which differ in chirality only around one carbon are most specifically called

Epimers are

In bacterial cell walls

One major difference between bacterial and plant cell walls is that bacterial cell walls have polysaccharides that are crosslinked by peptides.

Which of the following statements associated with cellulose is false?

Which of the following compounds is produced by oxidation of an aldose in the cyclic form?

There are two forms of starch:

The main difference,on the surface of a red blood cell,between the A-B-O major blood groups depends on

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: The Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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