Exam 19: Distortionary Taxes and Subsidies

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When tastes are quasilinear, the sole reason for the deadweight loss from a per-unit tax is that output falls under the tax.

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The burden of a per-unit tax will fall disproportionately on consumers when the supply curve is relatively more elastic than the demand curve.

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In most cases, the fact that one of the market curves is perfectly inelastic is not sufficient to conclude that a per-unit tax in that market is efficient.A tax on land rents is an exception.Can you explain why?

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If demand is linear, tax revenue rises at a constant rate as per unit taxes increase.

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When a per-unit tax is levied on a goods market in which supply is not perfectly inelastic but such a tax nevertheless does not give rise to any deadweight loss, consumers are made no worse off by the imposition of the tax.

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As demand and supply become more elastic, taxes reduce market output more and raise less tax revenue.

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Regardless of how price inelastic the supply curve, tax revenue from a per-unit tax rises the more price inelastic the demand curve is.

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If either the supply or the demand curve in a goods market is very elastic, a per-unit tax will end up not raising very much revenue.

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In perfectly competitive markets with identical firms, the burden of a tax is shared by consumers and producers in the short run so long as market demand is not perfectly elastic.

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Assuming upward sloping labor supply, wage subsidies are definitely more inefficient

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The statutory incidence of a tax is the same as the economic incidence of a tax whenever a tax is levied on a side of a market that is perfectly price-inelastic.

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The more inelastic the supply curve in a goods market, the smaller will be the deadweight loss from a per-unit tax in that market.

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