Exam 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control

Deviance may involve underconformity or overconformity to norms.The author explains that deviance involving underconformity consists of ideas, traits, or actions that

To make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity, sport would have to be organized around a commitment to

Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports is the result of

Research suggests that on-the-field deviance such as cheating and "dirty play" are

Studying deviance in sports presents problems in that

When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it, they often create a social world in which

Research on deviance in sports is limited in that it focuses primarily on

Research and media reports shows that gambling on sports

According to the career model discussed in the chapter, when long time professional athletes retire from full time, year round training and competition and re-enter the "ordinary world," they

There often is confusion when discussing hazing a a form of sport-related deviance because hazing is

According to a constructionist approach, the process of negotiating normative boundaries is influenced by

The author describes a model of a professional athlete's career to show that

When Lance Armstrong confessed to using performance enhancing substances, many of his fans condemned him as the embodiment of evil because they

After reviewing research on academic cheating the author points out that rates of cheating among athletes

As the term is used by sociologists, deviance

An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that

Controlling deviant overconformity in sports requires a close examination of the

According to the author, winning is important to long time professional athletes because they

The author point out that the most effective way to control cheating, corruption, harassment, and abuse in sports is to

One of the reasons that it is difficult to study deviance in sports is that much of it involves actions grounded in