Question 1

A(n) ________ is an imprecise mental classification that develops out of our everyday experiences in the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  familiar concept 
B)  normative schema 
C)  mental prototype 
D)  natural concept 
E)  deja vu experience 
A)  familiar concept 
B)  normative schema 
C)  mental prototype 
D)  natural concept 
E)  deja vu experience

Question 2

A(n) ________ is a formula for solving a problem that is likely to be successful.

Accepted Answer

A)  rule of thumb 
B)  schema 
C)  mental operant 
D)  algorithm 
E)  categorization process 
A)  rule of thumb 
B)  schema 
C)  mental operant 
D)  algorithm 
E)  categorization process

Question 3

Many items on a "culture-fair" test require the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  nonverbal abilities such as rotating objects. 
B)  verbal knowledge. 
C)  musical knowledge. 
D)  knowledge of major world historical figures. 
E)  reading knowledge. 
A)  nonverbal abilities such as rotating objects. 
B)  verbal knowledge. 
C)  musical knowledge. 
D)  knowledge of major world historical figures. 
E)  reading knowledge.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be due to heredity. 
B)  Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments. 
C)  If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences. 
D)  Prenatal influences have little, if any, influence on intelligence and need not be taken into account when studying environmental influences. 
E)  The influence of heredity are irrelevant if there is no environmental support for one's intellectual growth. 
A)  Similarities in intelligence between identical twins who were separated at birth and raised in different houses must be due to heredity. 
B)  Differences in intelligence between identical twins must be due to differences in their environments. 
C)  If identical twins are separated at birth and raised in different homes, yet still have similar intelligence scores, the similarity in their scores must be due to hereditary influences. 
D)  Prenatal influences have little, if any, influence on intelligence and need not be taken into account when studying environmental influences. 
E)  The influence of heredity are irrelevant if there is no environmental support for one's intellectual growth.

Question 5

Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as "drawing figures and figuring drawings." In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula she is making use of what psychologists call

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics. 
B)  logarithms. 
C)  algorithms. 
D)  convergence. 
E)  divergence. 
A)  heuristics. 
B)  logarithms. 
C)  algorithms. 
D)  convergence. 
E)  divergence.

Question 6

Based on Scarr and Weinberg's study, you would expect that Black and White children who were ________ at birth would exhibit IQ scores that reflected a strong effect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  mentally retarded 
B)  from lower social classes 
C)  adopted 
D)  low in weight at 
E)  placed in special facilities 
A)  mentally retarded 
B)  from lower social classes 
C)  adopted 
D)  low in weight at 
E)  placed in special facilities

Question 7

Which of the following can benefit a mentally retarded child?

Accepted Answer

A)  encourage them to study harder 
B)  provide early interventions 
C)  place them in special group homes 
D)  provide programs that include sensory stimulation and social interaction 
E)  B and D are 
A)  encourage them to study harder 
B)  provide early interventions 
C)  place them in special group homes 
D)  provide programs that include sensory stimulation and social interaction 
E)  B and D are

Question 8

Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from

Accepted Answer

A)  France. 
B)  United States. 
C)  United Kingdom. 
D)  Soviet Union. 
E)  Japan. 
A)  France. 
B)  United States. 
C)  United Kingdom. 
D)  Soviet Union. 
E)  Japan.

Question 9

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristics 
B)  algorithms 
C)  mnemonic devices 
D)  cognitive shortcuts 
E)  availability biases 
A)  heuristics 
B)  algorithms 
C)  mnemonic devices 
D)  cognitive shortcuts 
E)  availability biases

Question 10

What are mental categories representing objects, ideas, or experiences that share some common characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  classes 
B)  concepts 
C)  attributes 
D)  classifications 
E)  prototypes 
A)  classes 
B)  concepts 
C)  attributes 
D)  classifications 
E)  prototypes

Question 11

The area of psychology that specializes in mental testing is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  measurement science. 
B)  psychometrics. 
C)  experimental psychology. 
D)  statistics. 
E)  intellectualization. 
A)  measurement science. 
B)  psychometrics. 
C)  experimental psychology. 
D)  statistics. 
E)  intellectualization.

Question 12

Concepts

Accepted Answer

A)  can represent objects but not activities. 
B)  cannot be directly observed by researchers. 
C)  are basically the same from one person to the next. 
D)  interfere with our ability to organize new information. 
E)  come in exactly two types, visual and auditory. 
A)  can represent objects but not activities. 
B)  cannot be directly observed by researchers. 
C)  are basically the same from one person to the next. 
D)  interfere with our ability to organize new information. 
E)  come in exactly two types, visual and auditory.

Question 13

Compared to artificial concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  easier to learn. 
B)  very clear and well defined. 
C)  fuzzy with unclear boundaries. 
D)  good fits with a rigid classification system. 
E)  biologically innate. 
A)  easier to learn. 
B)  very clear and well defined. 
C)  fuzzy with unclear boundaries. 
D)  good fits with a rigid classification system. 
E)  biologically innate.

Question 14

The prototype approach suggests that a concept is classified as a member of a category if

Accepted Answer

A)  the super-ordinate critical feature is matched. 
B)  it matches your overall emotional evaluation of the concept. 
C)  it is similar to an ideal or most representative example of the category. 
D)  storing the concept as a member of the category minimizes the time and effort required to process information. 
E)  the concept exactly matches with the dictionary definition of the category. 
A)  the super-ordinate critical feature is matched. 
B)  it matches your overall emotional evaluation of the concept. 
C)  it is similar to an ideal or most representative example of the category. 
D)  storing the concept as a member of the category minimizes the time and effort required to process information. 
E)  the concept exactly matches with the dictionary definition of the category.

Question 15

The purpose of the Binet-Simon approach was to

Accepted Answer

A)  determine which children needed remedial help. 
B)  weed poor students out of the educational system. 
C)  match workers with the appropriate job. 
D)  test Galton's theories of intelligence. 
E)  improve the educational system of France. 
A)  determine which children needed remedial help. 
B)  weed poor students out of the educational system. 
C)  match workers with the appropriate job. 
D)  test Galton's theories of intelligence. 
E)  improve the educational system of France.

Question 16

Janet cannot get along well with others, but she is the best in her class at reading. According to Howard Gardner, she lacks ________ intelligence but possesses much ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  musical; spatial 
B)  rhythmic; logical 
C)  bodily-kinesthetic; intrapersonal 
D)  interpersonal; linguistic 
E)  spatial; linguistic 
A)  musical; spatial 
B)  rhythmic; logical 
C)  bodily-kinesthetic; intrapersonal 
D)  interpersonal; linguistic 
E)  spatial; linguistic

Question 17

Cattell used the term ________ intelligence to describe the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cattell used the term ________ intelligence to...

Question 18

You believe that a test is going to turn out badly, but then you get an A on that test. If you then tell friends that you knew all along that you would do well on the test, you are showing

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias. 
B)  the anchoring bias. 
C)  student bias. 
D)  the availability bias. 
E)  convergent thinking. 
A)  hindsight bias. 
B)  the anchoring bias. 
C)  student bias. 
D)  the availability bias. 
E)  convergent thinking.

Question 19

What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?

Accepted Answer

A)  confirmation bias 
B)  convergent thinking 
C)  availability bias 
D)  representativeness bias 
E)  mental set 
A)  confirmation bias 
B)  convergent thinking 
C)  availability bias 
D)  representativeness bias 
E)  mental set

Question 20

Describe Gardner's approach to understanding intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Gardner believes that intelligence has v

A(n) ________ is an imprecise mental classification that develops out of our everyday experiences in the world.

A(n) ________ is a formula for solving a problem that is likely to be successful.

Many items on a "culture-fair" test require the use of

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?

Based on Scarr and Weinberg's study, you would expect that Black and White children who were ________ at birth would exhibit IQ scores that reflected a strong effect of the environment.

Which of the following can benefit a mentally retarded child?

Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?

What are mental categories representing objects, ideas, or experiences that share some common characteristics?

The area of psychology that specializes in mental testing is known as

Concepts

Compared to artificial concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be

The prototype approach suggests that a concept is classified as a member of a category if

The purpose of the Binet-Simon approach was to

Janet cannot get along well with others, but she is the best in her class at reading. According to Howard Gardner, she lacks intelligence but possesses much intelligence.

Cattell used the term ________ intelligence to describe the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.

You believe that a test is going to turn out badly, but then you get an A on that test. If you then tell friends that you knew all along that you would do well on the test, you are showing

What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?

Describe Gardner's approach to understanding intelligence.

Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Human Nurture

Memory

Development Over the Lifespan

States of Consciousness

Emotion and Motivation

Personality: Theories of the Whole Person

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies for Psychological Disorders

From Stress to Health and Well-Being

Filters

Exam 6: Thinking and Intelligence

A(n) ________ is an imprecise mental classification that develops out of our everyday experiences in the world.

A(n) ________ is a formula for solving a problem that is likely to be successful.

Many items on a "culture-fair" test require the use of

Which of the following statements about heredity and intelligence is TRUE?

Based on Scarr and Weinberg's study, you would expect that Black and White children who were ________ at birth would exhibit IQ scores that reflected a strong effect of the environment.

Which of the following can benefit a mentally retarded child?

Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from

What problem-solving strategies don't guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?

What are mental categories representing objects, ideas, or experiences that share some common characteristics?

The area of psychology that specializes in mental testing is known as

Concepts

Compared to artificial concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be

The prototype approach suggests that a concept is classified as a member of a category if

The purpose of the Binet-Simon approach was to

Janet cannot get along well with others, but she is the best in her class at reading. According to Howard Gardner, she lacks ________ intelligence but possesses much ________ intelligence.

Cattell used the term ________ intelligence to describe the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.

You believe that a test is going to turn out badly, but then you get an A on that test. If you then tell friends that you knew all along that you would do well on the test, you are showing

What term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?

Describe Gardner's approach to understanding intelligence.

Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Human Nurture

Memory

Development Over the Lifespan

States of Consciousness

Emotion and Motivation

Personality: Theories of the Whole Person

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies for Psychological Disorders

From Stress to Health and Well-Being

Filters

Janet cannot get along well with others, but she is the best in her class at reading. According to Howard Gardner, she lacks intelligence but possesses much intelligence.