Question 1

Relationships between different species often involve energy or lifestyle compromises.What best describes the compromises,if any,seen in mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A)  no compromises to either organism 
B)  fatal to at least one of the organisms 
C)  a compromise (for example, dietary restriction) to one organism but not the other 
D)  slight compromises (for example, habitat restriction) to both organisms 
A)  no compromises to either organism 
B)  fatal to at least one of the organisms 
C)  a compromise (for example, dietary restriction) to one organism but not the other 
D)  slight compromises (for example, habitat restriction) to both organisms

Question 2

In which of the following situations would secondary rather than primary succession be most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  on an island that has just risen out of the ocean 
B)  on bare ground exposed by the retreat of a glacier 
C)  on the surface of recently cooled lava 
D)  in a forest that had burned to bare ground 
A)  on an island that has just risen out of the ocean 
B)  on bare ground exposed by the retreat of a glacier 
C)  on the surface of recently cooled lava 
D)  in a forest that had burned to bare ground

Question 3

If initially present,a mature community will reform immediately after a habitat disturbance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Humans negatively affect communities in a variety of ways; the community most common disrupted,usually by its complete removal,are ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans negatively affect communities in a variety...

Question 5

Without pollinator mutualism,agricultural productivity could fall significantly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Mistletoe is clearly a parasitic organism,living off the resources of the trees it infects.However,the leaves it drops contain nutrients that nourish the many insects on the forest floor.What interaction describes this later relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Commensalism: the insects are feeding on abandoned leaves; they benefit while the plant is unaffected. 
B)  Exploitation: like any other herbivore-plant interaction, the insects are consuming mistletoe tissue for their energy and nutrients. 
C)  Mutualism: mistletoe intentionally feeds the insects so that the tree is left for the mistletoe to exclusively exploit. 
D)  Competition: mistletoe engages in interference competition with the herbivorous insects that live in the forest. 
A)  Commensalism: the insects are feeding on abandoned leaves; they benefit while the plant is unaffected. 
B)  Exploitation: like any other herbivore-plant interaction, the insects are consuming mistletoe tissue for their energy and nutrients. 
C)  Mutualism: mistletoe intentionally feeds the insects so that the tree is left for the mistletoe to exclusively exploit. 
D)  Competition: mistletoe engages in interference competition with the herbivorous insects that live in the forest.

Question 7

Islands such as the Hawaiian Islands are particularly vulnerable to introduced species because

Accepted Answer

A)  the species on islands have not evolved with the invasive species and are easily outcompeted by them. 
B)  the species on islands have evolved defense mechanisms for invasive insects but not invasive plants. 
C)  predators native to the islands cannot digest invasive species. 
D)  selective breeding of the native plants and animals by humans has bred out all of their natural defenses. 
A)  the species on islands have not evolved with the invasive species and are easily outcompeted by them. 
B)  the species on islands have evolved defense mechanisms for invasive insects but not invasive plants. 
C)  predators native to the islands cannot digest invasive species. 
D)  selective breeding of the native plants and animals by humans has bred out all of their natural defenses.

Question 8

What statement summarizes the outcomes of a parasitic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the parasite and the host benefit. 
B)  Only the parasite benefits; the host is harmed. 
C)  Only the host benefits; the parasite is harmed. 
D)  Both the parasite and the host are harmed. 
A)  Both the parasite and the host benefit. 
B)  Only the parasite benefits; the host is harmed. 
C)  Only the host benefits; the parasite is harmed. 
D)  Both the parasite and the host are harmed.

Question 9

Despite its parasitic lifestyle and negative impact on individually infected trees,the presence of mistletoe can greatly increase the diversity of forests and woodlands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The interactions that occur between species can be categorized on the basis of the outcomes the interaction produces; when both species benefit,the interaction is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The interactions that occur between species can...

Question 11

A community whose species are not replaced by other species is classified as a ________ community.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A community whose species are not replaced...

Question 12

Which of the following patterns represents a competitive interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/- 
A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/-

Question 13

Interactions among organisms are always mutually beneficial.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

As the following figure illustrates,communities vary tremendously in size from as large as an entire forest to the digestive system of a single deer.   How do biologists recognize communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large communities are often defined by the distribution of their members, but small communities are often simply defined according to what is convenient at a given point in time. 
B)  Communities can be nested within a larger one; for example, the deer is part of the woodland, which is part of the forest. 
C)  Communities are recognized by the minimal species composition criterion: all communities must have eight or more species. 
D)  Communities have dynamic characteristics similar to those of populations; they consist of the habitat and species critical to the community growth rate. 
A)  Large communities are often defined by the distribution of their members, but small communities are often simply defined according to what is convenient at a given point in time. 
B)  Communities can be nested within a larger one; for example, the deer is part of the woodland, which is part of the forest. 
C)  Communities are recognized by the minimal species composition criterion: all communities must have eight or more species. 
D)  Communities have dynamic characteristics similar to those of populations; they consist of the habitat and species critical to the community growth rate.

Question 15

Flies belonging to the family Phoridae inject their eggs into fire ants.The larva that subsequently hatches feeds on the ant until it pupates.The larva would be best described as a

Accepted Answer

A)  parasite. 
B)  gut mutualist. 
C)  predator. 
D)  pathogen. 
A)  parasite. 
B)  gut mutualist. 
C)  predator. 
D)  pathogen.

Question 16

Which example best illustrates interference competition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil levels of potassium are gradually reduced by the hemlocks and cedars in a climax forest. 
B)  The growth of starling populations usually coincides with declines in songbirds because both use abandoned cavities for nesting. 
C)  When larger animals become scarce, wolves often prey on mice, reducing their availability to coyotes. 
D)  Rough-skinned newts contain enough toxin in their skin glands to kill almost any predator. 
A)  Soil levels of potassium are gradually reduced by the hemlocks and cedars in a climax forest. 
B)  The growth of starling populations usually coincides with declines in songbirds because both use abandoned cavities for nesting. 
C)  When larger animals become scarce, wolves often prey on mice, reducing their availability to coyotes. 
D)  Rough-skinned newts contain enough toxin in their skin glands to kill almost any predator.

Question 17

Which of the following patterns represents the outcomes of a mutualistic relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/- 
A)  +/- 
B)  +/+ 
C)  o/+ 
D)  -/-

Question 18

Do humans exhibit any mutualistic relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  No; humans can only develop parasitic relationships with other organisms. 
B)  Yes; humans host disease pathogens that limit population growth and overcrowding. 
C)  Yes; in the absence of technology, humans quickly become prey for other predators. 
D)  Yes; humans host beneficial bacteria within our digestive systems. 
A)  No; humans can only develop parasitic relationships with other organisms. 
B)  Yes; humans host disease pathogens that limit population growth and overcrowding. 
C)  Yes; in the absence of technology, humans quickly become prey for other predators. 
D)  Yes; humans host beneficial bacteria within our digestive systems.

Question 19

The interactions among organisms that reside in the same community or ecosystem are unlikely to have much effect on the physical aspects of those systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of smaller birds.The fast-developing cowbird chicks hatch first,and push the other baby chicks out of the nest as they hatch.Which interaction best describes cowbird behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism 
B)  parasitism 
C)  predation 
D)  exploitative competition 
A)  mutualism 
B)  parasitism 
C)  predation 
D)  exploitative competition

Exam 23: Ecological Communities

Relationships between different species often involve energy or lifestyle compromises.What best describes the compromises,if any,seen in mutualism?

In which of the following situations would secondary rather than primary succession be most likely to occur?

If initially present,a mature community will reform immediately after a habitat disturbance.

Humans negatively affect communities in a variety of ways; the community most common disrupted,usually by its complete removal,are ________.

Without pollinator mutualism,agricultural productivity could fall significantly.

Mistletoe is clearly a parasitic organism,living off the resources of the trees it infects.However,the leaves it drops contain nutrients that nourish the many insects on the forest floor.What interaction describes this later relationship?

Islands such as the Hawaiian Islands are particularly vulnerable to introduced species because

What statement summarizes the outcomes of a parasitic relationship?

Despite its parasitic lifestyle and negative impact on individually infected trees,the presence of mistletoe can greatly increase the diversity of forests and woodlands.

The interactions that occur between species can be categorized on the basis of the outcomes the interaction produces; when both species benefit,the interaction is ________.

A community whose species are not replaced by other species is classified as a ________ community.

Which of the following patterns represents a competitive interaction?

Interactions among organisms are always mutually beneficial.

As the following figure illustrates,communities vary tremendously in size from as large as an entire forest to the digestive system of a single deer. How do biologists recognize communities?

Flies belonging to the family Phoridae inject their eggs into fire ants.The larva that subsequently hatches feeds on the ant until it pupates.The larva would be best described as a

Which example best illustrates interference competition?

Which of the following patterns represents the outcomes of a mutualistic relationship?

Do humans exhibit any mutualistic relationships?

The interactions among organisms that reside in the same community or ecosystem are unlikely to have much effect on the physical aspects of those systems.

Cowbirds lay their eggs in the nests of smaller birds.The fast-developing cowbird chicks hatch first,and push the other baby chicks out of the nest as they hatch.Which interaction best describes cowbird behavior?

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecosystems

Global Change

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