Question 1

Communities never recover from disturbances caused by humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Certain species of squirrels and acorn woodpeckers both eat acorns.In forests without squirrels,the density of acorn woodpeckers averages 100 per square kilometer,whereas in forests with squirrels,the density of acorn woodpeckers is roughly halved.This reduced density most probably results from

Accepted Answer

A)  interference competition. 
B)  herbivory. 
C)  character displacement. 
D)  exploitative competition. 
A)  interference competition. 
B)  herbivory. 
C)  character displacement. 
D)  exploitative competition.

Question 3

By growing on the trunk or branch of a tree,a lichen gains height and exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis.The tree is not harmed by the lichen but does not benefit either.The relationship between the lichen and the tree is

Accepted Answer

A)  commensalism. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  interference competition. 
A)  commensalism. 
B)  mutualism. 
C)  parasitism. 
D)  interference competition.

Question 4

The relationship between house pets and people would be best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitic. 
B)  mutualistic. 
C)  predatorial. 
D)  competitive. 
A)  parasitic. 
B)  mutualistic. 
C)  predatorial. 
D)  competitive.

Question 5

Clownfish have evolved to live safely between the stinging tentacles of certain sea anemones.The fish receives protection from predators,whereas the anemone receives some food from the fish.This relationship is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  nutritional mutualism. 
B)  consumer interaction. 
C)  competitive limitation. 
D)  behavioral mutualism. 
A)  nutritional mutualism. 
B)  consumer interaction. 
C)  competitive limitation. 
D)  behavioral mutualism.

Question 6

The observation that some organisms live in herds or flocks in order to protect themselves from predation illustrates that natural selection can produce adaptations that modify an organism's morphology,metabolism,or ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The observation that some organisms live in...

Question 7

The process that establishes new communities and restores disturbed communities is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary growth. 
B)  eutrophication. 
C)  diversification. 
D)  succession. 
A)  secondary growth. 
B)  eutrophication. 
C)  diversification. 
D)  succession.

Question 8

Burning of fossil fuels may affect climate but not communities.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

An organism that transfers one plant's male reproductive cells to the female reproductive organs of another plant is a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism that transfers one plant's male...

Question 10

Which of the following animals would be most likely to simultaneously participate in seed dispersal and a gut inhabitant mutualism?

Accepted Answer

A)  wolves 
B)  rattlesnakes 
C)  scorpions 
D)  deer 
A)  wolves 
B)  rattlesnakes 
C)  scorpions 
D)  deer

Question 11

Milkweed is a mildly toxic plant unless it has been grazed,in which case the toxin concentration greatly increases; this change,stimulated by an attack from herbivores,is an example of a(n)________ response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Milkweed is a mildly toxic plant unless...

Question 12

During ________,a newly created habitat is inhabited.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary succession 
B)  climax community formation 
C)  disturbance colonization 
D)  keystone recovery 
A)  primary succession 
B)  climax community formation 
C)  disturbance colonization 
D)  keystone recovery

Question 13

Desertification,the transformation of dry grassland to a desert shrubland,can be natural or human caused; when humans are involved,the process is almost always associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Desertification,the transformation of dry grassland to a...

Question 14

Which of the following choices best explains,from an ecological perspective,why there are laws that require a wildlife survey before certain building or other land-use projects may proceed?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a keystone species is found, it can be moved to another area where it will establish a new community of organisms. 
B)  If the only local habitat for a keystone species is disturbed, the entire community of populations will be affected. 
C)  If the species are surveyed before the land is used, they will all be more likely to survive the building project. 
D)  If the species are surveyed before the land is used, they will all be more easily distributed to other habitats. 
A)  If a keystone species is found, it can be moved to another area where it will establish a new community of organisms. 
B)  If the only local habitat for a keystone species is disturbed, the entire community of populations will be affected. 
C)  If the species are surveyed before the land is used, they will all be more likely to survive the building project. 
D)  If the species are surveyed before the land is used, they will all be more easily distributed to other habitats.

Question 15

Communities always recover quickly from disturbances caused by humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In the pollinator mutualism between the yucca plant and the yucca moth,the yucca plant is able to abort the seeds in any given flower if the moth lays too many eggs in that flower.What is the advantage the yucca plant gains by aborting these seeds?

Accepted Answer

A)  The yucca plant is responsible for keeping the yucca moth population at a reasonable size. 
B)  Seeds are energetically expensive to produce, and if the moth larvae are going to eat most of the seeds in one fruit, the plant is able to save energy by aborting those seeds. 
C)  The carrying capacity of the yucca moth is increased every time it lays an egg in a yucca plant's flower, so the fewer seeds that are produced by the plant, the higher the carrying capacity of the moth can be. 
D)  The carrying capacity of the yucca moth is reduced every time it lays an egg in a yucca plant's flower, so the fewer seeds that are produced by the plant, the higher the carrying capacity of the moth can be. 
A)  The yucca plant is responsible for keeping the yucca moth population at a reasonable size. 
B)  Seeds are energetically expensive to produce, and if the moth larvae are going to eat most of the seeds in one fruit, the plant is able to save energy by aborting those seeds. 
C)  The carrying capacity of the yucca moth is increased every time it lays an egg in a yucca plant's flower, so the fewer seeds that are produced by the plant, the higher the carrying capacity of the moth can be. 
D)  The carrying capacity of the yucca moth is reduced every time it lays an egg in a yucca plant's flower, so the fewer seeds that are produced by the plant, the higher the carrying capacity of the moth can be.

Question 17

In seed-dispersal mutualism,plants produce ________ to entice consumers to disperse the plant's seeds.

Accepted Answer

A)  attractive aromas 
B)  fleshy fruits 
C)  edible pollen 
D)  nectar 
A)  attractive aromas 
B)  fleshy fruits 
C)  edible pollen 
D)  nectar

Question 18

The terms mutualistic and symbiotic can be used interchangeably; any mutualistic relationship is an example of symbiosis,whereas any symbiotic relationship is also mutualistic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The activity of predators has caused their prey to evolve a variety of protective characteristics.How were the prey able to acquire these new features?

Accepted Answer

A)  The prey selectively bred to increase the frequency of protective traits in their population. 
B)  The prey underwent a population explosion that allowed them to outnumber their predators and thus develop new protective features. 
C)  The prey organisms mated with other species to acquire new protective traits. 
D)  Natural selection acted on genetic variability already present in the prey population. 
A)  The prey selectively bred to increase the frequency of protective traits in their population. 
B)  The prey underwent a population explosion that allowed them to outnumber their predators and thus develop new protective features. 
C)  The prey organisms mated with other species to acquire new protective traits. 
D)  Natural selection acted on genetic variability already present in the prey population.

Question 20

The number of different species that live in the community and the relative abundances of those species are the two components that characterize the community's ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The number of different species that live...

Exam 23: Ecological Communities

Communities never recover from disturbances caused by humans.

Certain species of squirrels and acorn woodpeckers both eat acorns.In forests without squirrels,the density of acorn woodpeckers averages 100 per square kilometer,whereas in forests with squirrels,the density of acorn woodpeckers is roughly halved.This reduced density most probably results from

By growing on the trunk or branch of a tree,a lichen gains height and exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis.The tree is not harmed by the lichen but does not benefit either.The relationship between the lichen and the tree is

The relationship between house pets and people would be best described as

Clownfish have evolved to live safely between the stinging tentacles of certain sea anemones.The fish receives protection from predators,whereas the anemone receives some food from the fish.This relationship is an example of

The observation that some organisms live in herds or flocks in order to protect themselves from predation illustrates that natural selection can produce adaptations that modify an organism's morphology,metabolism,or ________.

The process that establishes new communities and restores disturbed communities is termed

Burning of fossil fuels may affect climate but not communities.

An organism that transfers one plant's male reproductive cells to the female reproductive organs of another plant is a(n)________.

Which of the following animals would be most likely to simultaneously participate in seed dispersal and a gut inhabitant mutualism?

Milkweed is a mildly toxic plant unless it has been grazed,in which case the toxin concentration greatly increases; this change,stimulated by an attack from herbivores,is an example of a(n)________ response.

During ________,a newly created habitat is inhabited.

Desertification,the transformation of dry grassland to a desert shrubland,can be natural or human caused; when humans are involved,the process is almost always associated with ________.

Which of the following choices best explains,from an ecological perspective,why there are laws that require a wildlife survey before certain building or other land-use projects may proceed?

Communities always recover quickly from disturbances caused by humans.

In the pollinator mutualism between the yucca plant and the yucca moth,the yucca plant is able to abort the seeds in any given flower if the moth lays too many eggs in that flower.What is the advantage the yucca plant gains by aborting these seeds?

In seed-dispersal mutualism,plants produce ________ to entice consumers to disperse the plant's seeds.

The terms mutualistic and symbiotic can be used interchangeably; any mutualistic relationship is an example of symbiosis,whereas any symbiotic relationship is also mutualistic.

The activity of predators has caused their prey to evolve a variety of protective characteristics.How were the prey able to acquire these new features?

The number of different species that live in the community and the relative abundances of those species are the two components that characterize the community's ________.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecosystems

Global Change

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