Exam 18: Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Protists are considered to represent an artificial kingdom rather than an evolutionary lineage because

Protists may superficially resemble organisms in the other kingdoms; one exception is the kingdom ________,whose members do not resemble protists in any meaningful way.

The organism recorded in this 2.1-billion-year-old fossil is almost certainly a eukaryote; no prokaryote has been observed to be multicellular with such relatively large cells.

Without angiosperms,bryophyte reproduction would almost entirely cease.

Fertilization is the event occurring when a(n)

A variety of bacterial or protozoan heterotrophic microorganisms associate symbiotically with specific fungi to produce a lichen.

Which statement best summarizes the adaptive value of phloem?

What adaptive advantage do the numerous projections shown in the following microphotograph of the foraminiferans,a type of zooplankton confer?

The cuticle predisposed plants for a terrestrial existence by improving water retention.

In nature,fungi function primarily as ________,getting their nutrition from dead and dying organisms.

Eukaryotes display the earliest version of sexual reproduction,whereby

Some protists can reproduce asexually after having located to favorable living conditions; the most commonly used methods are fragmentation,zoospores,budding,or ________.

No single characteristic is sufficient to describe a kingdom; for example,plants and some bacteria share in common

Lignin first appeared in the ferns and their relatives; this adaptation allowed these plants and their descendants to

A major evolutionary development first seen in the gymnosperms that both protected the embryo and provided an initial source of nutrition was the ________.

Seeds contain the embryos of plants and nutrients to assist with germination and initial growth.

Examine the following evolutionary tree. One prediction based on the arrangement of protists in the illustration is that the DNA of the

Phytophthora ramorum,the fungus causing sudden oak death,has been spread to uninfected forests on the boots of hikers; what reproductive method is most likely responsible?

Most plants produce flowers,which greatly improve the probability of ________.

Sexual reproduction requires the fusion of special cells called ________.