Question 1

A tumor cell has lost ________ when it breaks off from the primary tumor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A tumor cell has lost ________ when...

Question 2

A benign growth is noncancerous.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Examine the following diagram.What will most likely happen if an antibody blocks the EGF receptor such that EGF can no longer bind to it?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell will start to divide more rapidly. 
B)  The cell will stop dividing and possibly die. 
C)  More proto-oncogene protein products will be made. 
D)  Less tumor suppressor protein products will be made.o 
A)  The cell will start to divide more rapidly. 
B)  The cell will stop dividing and possibly die. 
C)  More proto-oncogene protein products will be made. 
D)  Less tumor suppressor protein products will be made.o

Question 4

What is the most likely explanation for why colon cancer frequently metastasizes to the liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood flows from the colon to the liver. 
B)  Blood flows from the liver to the colon. 
C)  There is no blood flow between these two organs. 
D)  Water moves from the colon into the blood. 
A)  Blood flows from the colon to the liver. 
B)  Blood flows from the liver to the colon. 
C)  There is no blood flow between these two organs. 
D)  Water moves from the colon into the blood.

Question 5

Chemotherapy frequently causes nausea because the cells that line the digestive system

Accepted Answer

A)  have receptors similar to those found on tumor cells. 
B)  divide rapidly like tumor cells. 
C)  have more proto-oncogenes than other cell types. 
D)  produce more antibodies than other cell types. 
A)  have receptors similar to those found on tumor cells. 
B)  divide rapidly like tumor cells. 
C)  have more proto-oncogenes than other cell types. 
D)  produce more antibodies than other cell types.

Question 6

Rapid cell proliferation can result from

Accepted Answer

A)  contact inhibition. 
B)  a cell ignoring a negative growth regulator. 
C)  a mutation inhibiting the action of a positive growth regulator. 
D)  the surgical removal of a benign polyp. 
A)  contact inhibition. 
B)  a cell ignoring a negative growth regulator. 
C)  a mutation inhibiting the action of a positive growth regulator. 
D)  the surgical removal of a benign polyp.

Question 7

Examine the following diagram.Which is most likely to have occurred in panel 2,depicting tumor formation?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of adhesion dependence 
B)  initiation of angiogenesis 
C)  mutation of a proto-oncogene into an oncogene 
D)  metastasis 
A)  loss of adhesion dependence 
B)  initiation of angiogenesis 
C)  mutation of a proto-oncogene into an oncogene 
D)  metastasis

Question 8

A person's risk for cancer remains stable throughout his or her life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A physical,chemical,or biological agent that causes cancer is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  virus. 
B)  carcinogen. 
C)  oncogene. 
D)  regulatory protein. 
A)  virus. 
B)  carcinogen. 
C)  oncogene. 
D)  regulatory protein.

Question 10

Tumor suppressors cause programmed cell death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If exposure to sunlight causes a mutation in a single proto-oncogene in a diploid cell so that it becomes hyperactive,then

Accepted Answer

A)  the remaining unmutated proto-oncogene copy will prevent the cell from becoming cancerous. 
B)  tumor suppressors will destroy the proteins made from the mutated gene. 
C)  the cell might produce a protein that pushes it into rapid cell division. 
D)  the mutated gene will be inactivated by telomerase. 
A)  the remaining unmutated proto-oncogene copy will prevent the cell from becoming cancerous. 
B)  tumor suppressors will destroy the proteins made from the mutated gene. 
C)  the cell might produce a protein that pushes it into rapid cell division. 
D)  the mutated gene will be inactivated by telomerase.

Question 12

For proper cell division to occur,the activity of proto-oncogenes must be balanced by the activity of ________ genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For proper cell division to occur,the activity...

Question 13

When cells are stimulated to divide,then

Accepted Answer

A)  proto-oncogenes are inactivated. 
B)  tumor suppressors are activated. 
C)  tumor suppressors are inactivated. 
D)  oncogenes become proto-oncogenes. 
A)  proto-oncogenes are inactivated. 
B)  tumor suppressors are activated. 
C)  tumor suppressors are inactivated. 
D)  oncogenes become proto-oncogenes.

Question 14

When a mutant receptor protein no longer requires a positive growth factor to activate it,the result is

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction in cell division. 
B)  extra binding sites. 
C)  uncontrolled cell division. 
D)  lack of protein products. 
A)  reduction in cell division. 
B)  extra binding sites. 
C)  uncontrolled cell division. 
D)  lack of protein products.

Question 15

The chance of developing cervical cancer is reduced by ________ against the human papillomavirus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chance of developing cervical cancer is...

Question 16

Under normal conditions,growth factors activate ________ and inactivate ________ genes.

Accepted Answer

proto-onco

Question 17

A pesticide was found to cause cancer in laboratory mice.Which of the following would be the most reasonable hypothesis to pursue?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pesticide mutates one copy of an oncogene to a proto-oncogene. 
B)  The pesticide mutates both copies of an oncogene to proto-oncogenes. 
C)  The pesticide mutates one copy of an oncogene to a proto-oncogene and one copy of a tumor suppressor gene to an inactive form. 
D)  The pesticide mutates both copies of a tumor suppressor gene to inactive forms. 
A)  The pesticide mutates one copy of an oncogene to a proto-oncogene. 
B)  The pesticide mutates both copies of an oncogene to proto-oncogenes. 
C)  The pesticide mutates one copy of an oncogene to a proto-oncogene and one copy of a tumor suppressor gene to an inactive form. 
D)  The pesticide mutates both copies of a tumor suppressor gene to inactive forms.

Question 18

Tumor suppressor proteins ________ cell division.

Accepted Answer

A)  activate 
B)  inhibit 
C)  catalyze 
D)  have no effect on 
A)  activate 
B)  inhibit 
C)  catalyze 
D)  have no effect on

Question 19

A woman who has already had children develops skin cancer from overexposure to the sun.Is it likely that her children have inherited this cancer from her?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, because somatic mutations are not passed on to the next generation. 
B)  No, because any cancer that develops after a person is an adult cannot have a genetic component. 
C)  Yes, because almost all cancers are caused by inherited mutations. 
D)  Yes, because the woman's children have exactly the same genes as their mother. 
A)  No, because somatic mutations are not passed on to the next generation. 
B)  No, because any cancer that develops after a person is an adult cannot have a genetic component. 
C)  Yes, because almost all cancers are caused by inherited mutations. 
D)  Yes, because the woman's children have exactly the same genes as their mother.

Question 20

The binding of a growth factor to a receptor protein on the surface of a cell results in signal transduction that affects gene expression in the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Cancer and Human Health

A tumor cell has lost ________ when it breaks off from the primary tumor.

A benign growth is noncancerous.

Examine the following diagram.What will most likely happen if an antibody blocks the EGF receptor such that EGF can no longer bind to it?

What is the most likely explanation for why colon cancer frequently metastasizes to the liver?

Chemotherapy frequently causes nausea because the cells that line the digestive system

Rapid cell proliferation can result from

Examine the following diagram.Which is most likely to have occurred in panel 2,depicting tumor formation?

A person's risk for cancer remains stable throughout his or her life.

A physical,chemical,or biological agent that causes cancer is called a(n)

Tumor suppressors cause programmed cell death.

If exposure to sunlight causes a mutation in a single proto-oncogene in a diploid cell so that it becomes hyperactive,then

For proper cell division to occur,the activity of proto-oncogenes must be balanced by the activity of ________ genes.

When cells are stimulated to divide,then

When a mutant receptor protein no longer requires a positive growth factor to activate it,the result is

The chance of developing cervical cancer is reduced by ________ against the human papillomavirus.

Under normal conditions,growth factors activate ________ and inactivate ________ genes.

A pesticide was found to cause cancer in laboratory mice.Which of the following would be the most reasonable hypothesis to pursue?

Tumor suppressor proteins ________ cell division.

A woman who has already had children develops skin cancer from overexposure to the sun.Is it likely that her children have inherited this cancer from her?

The binding of a growth factor to a receptor protein on the surface of a cell results in signal transduction that affects gene expression in the cell.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

Filters

Under normal conditions,growth factors activate and inactivate genes.