Exam 15: Differential Reinforcement

In the DRL procedure, you reinforce a(n) ___________ of the problem behavior.

Provide an example of full session DRL.

A teacher is trying to decrease a child's screaming behavior.If the child does not scream for an entire 30-minute interval, the absence of screaming is reinforced with attention from the teacher.Which differential reinforcement procedure is the teacher using?

Sally is on a DRO 10 min.schedule for screaming.If after 5 min.Sally screams, what happens next? ______

When a desirable behavior results in escape or avoidance of an aversive stimulus, it is referred to as differential:

At what point during the implementation of DRO is the time interval increased?

To program for generalization with DRA, the ___________ should be differentially reinforced in as many relevant situations as possible and by as many relevant people as possible.

When you are most interested in decreasing the overall rate of a behavior you should use ____________ DRL, but if the timing of the behavior is most important you should use ____________ DRL.

The two principles involved in DRA are ___________ and ___________.

Mary frequently blurts out answers to questions without waiting to be called on because she likes attention from the teacher.When Mary raises her hand, the teacher calls on her, but when Mary blurts out an answer the teacher ignores her and calls on another student.As a result, Mary's behavior of raising her hand increases, and her behavior of blurting out answers decreases.The teacher used ____________ for Mary's behavior of raising her hand and ____________ for her behavior of blurting out answers.

A parent is trying to decrease a child's swearing behavior.For every hour that the child goes without swearing, the parent reinforces the absence of swearing by reading to the child.If the child swears, the parent does not give the child attention and the child has to wait another hour for a story.Which differential reinforcement procedure is the parent using?

In a DRA procedure, starting with a continuous schedule of reinforcement for the alternative behavior works best.

The same reinforcers will be effective for most people.

The amount of effort required to engage in the alternative behavior together with the schedule of reinforcement for the alternative behavior is referred to as:

Provide an example of DRO.

In spaced responding DRL, the reinforcer is delivered for the absence of a behavior after a time interval has passed.

Identify the examples below as DRO, DRA, or DRL. ___________ Tony, a four year old boy, frequently squirmed in church and disrupted the people sitting near him.Dad decided to use differential reinforcement.When they first got to church, Dad told Tony if he didn't squirm, he could earn stickers.Once church started, Dad gave Tony a sticker after every 10 minutes that he did not squirm. ___________ Mary was supposed to do her homework at the kitchen table in the evening.Frequently Mary talked to Mom while she was supposed to be studying.Mom usually talked to Mary for a few minutes each time Mary spoke to her.Mom decided on a plan to get Mary to talk less while studying.Whenever Mary was studying, Mom would praise her, but when Mary tried to talk to Mom, Mom would walk out of the room without responding to Mary. ___________ Claire, a woman with intellectual disability working in a workshop, got up and went to the bathroom 5 or 6 times each morning and 5 or 6 times each afternoon.She recently had a physical, so there was no medical problem.The supervisor implemented a program in which Claire earned a token if she went to the bathroom no more than 2 times in the morning and not more than 2 times in the afternoon.She later traded her tokens in for back-up reinforcers.

Bobby's Mom is trying to increase the number of times that Bobby shares his toys with his younger brother.When Bobby shares his toys, his Mom praises Bobby and plays with him, but when Bobby refuses to share his toys his Mom does not praise him or play with him.As a result, Bobby increases the number of times he shares his toys with his younger brother.This is an example of:

Which type of differential reinforcement is most likely to lead to an increase in an alternative behavior?