Exam 7: Education

Research suggests that there are many benefits of attending ______ schools,including greater interest in school activities,higher achievement levels,and more social equality.

Community schools are designed to improve at-risk neighborhoods and emphasize a sense of collective efficacy that will benefit everyone within a community.

As a consequence of state legal reforms efforts,______ states now have financing plans in which schools in low-income districts receive an average of ______ more funding than higher-income districts.

According to Basil Bernstein,what is the difference between the communication codes of working- and middle-class children? Give an example to support your answer.How do differences in codes affect children's performance in school?

Which school of thought is most likely to focus on how schools socialize students with the appropriate values and sort and select them according to their abilities?

Discuss the general approach and assumptions a conflict theorist may take when studying the educational system.Then explain Randall Collins's theory of credentialism.How does this theory illustrate the conflict perspective?

The theory that the rise in credentials is a result of status competition among groups battling over scarce rewards is most closely associated with ______.

According to Pierre Bourdieu,personal connections and relationships to other people are examples of ______ capital.

According to David Baker and Gerald LeTendre (2005),all of the following beliefs have influenced the development of mass schooling EXCEPT that ______.

The idea that schooling corresponds to society's dominant interests and upper- and middle-class values is known as ______.

Seventy-one percent of female high school graduates enroll in colleges or universities,while only 61% of male graduates do so.

Which sociologist theorized that education established a modern system of meritocracy?

Current research seems to indicate that the education system in ______ focuses too much on memorization and test-taking skills and not enough on critical thinking and creativity skills.

Institutional theorists argue that mass universal education benefits individuals but not societies.

In his research on language,Basil Bernstein found that working-class children used primarily ______ in stories,while middle-class children used more ______.

Conflict theory stresses the need to base education policies on a longitudinal examination of the processes that occur inside schools and classrooms.

Empirical research indicates that low educational performance among some groups in the United States is due to ______.

The belief that schools function to reproduce rather than eliminate inequality is most closely associated with ______.

Geoffrey Canada's programs use a "cradle to college" approach to improve students' academic outcomes by utilizing all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Conflict theorists suggest that tracking is a mechanism for reproducing inequalities.