Exam 8: Action

Using transgenic mice, Wagner et al.'s 2017 study provided which of the following pieces of evidence that the cerebellum is involved with learning and predictive processes?

Simple reflexive motor responses to external stimuli rely primarily on the function of the _______, whereas motor behaviors that are only minimally dependent on such external cues rely primarily on the function of the _______.

The primary interaction of muscles and the nervous system involves the alpha motor neurons, which originate in the _______, exit through the _______, and terminate in the muscles.

What disorder is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic fibers in the substantia nigra, which results in deficits in initiating voluntary movements, bradykinesia, and the progressive emergence of a resting tremor?

Alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord communicate with muscle fibers by releasing acetylcholine, which influences muscle activity by

The _______ seem(s) particularly important in the control and planning of complex motor sequences as opposed to simple movements.

Hemiplegia is the

Which of the following would demonstrate the finding that some aspects of motor learning are independent of the specific effectors used to perform an action?

Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of a process related to basal ganglia influence/striatal disinhibition?

Single-cell recording studies of the motor control of reaching movements have demonstrated that neurons in the motor cortex are selectively active based on the

One reason that lesions to the cerebellum disrupt the eye blink conditioning response is because

Describe the neurological condition of apraxia. How does this disorder inform our understanding of how complex movements are represented in the brain?

The fact that the population vector recorded in the motor cortex precedes the corresponding reaching movement indicates that motor cortex activity

Kawai et al.'s 2015 study used rats to explore how lesions of the motor cortex impact the ability to learn and perform motor sequences. What results regarding the motor cortex did this study yield?

The pyramidal motor tract carries signals from the motor cortex of each cerebral hemisphere to _______ side(s) of the spinal cord, whereas the extrapyramidal motor tracts carry signals from various subcortical structures to _______ side(s) of the spinal cord.

The excitatory command to contract the biceps muscle of the arm is normally accompanied by an inhibitory command to relax the antagonist triceps muscle. If this inhibitory signal failed to occur,

Argue for or against the future promise of BMI systems. Use examples of successes or limitations in your answer.

The term decussation refers to

The neurotransmitter responsible for translating action potentials into mechanical actions at muscles is

One proposed role of dopamine in the context of motor learning via the basal ganglia is that dopamine release