Exam 25: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

What is the term given to a group of individuals belonging to the same species that live in a defined geographic area that actually or potentially interbreed?

Which method is often used to analyze proteins and nucleic acids by physical separation when estimating genetic variation in populations?

Mutation and migration introduce new alleles into populations.What is the most likely principal force that will shift allelic frequencies within large populations?

What is meant by the equation p + q = 1.0?

In large random mating populations,random genetic drift is usually a significant factor in changing gene frequencies.

Would one expect a linear relationship between DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic distance? Why or why not?

For a given locus,in a population with two alternative alleles,the allele frequencies p + q = 1.0.

Give a brief definition of the term genetic equilibrium.

In small isolated populations,gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably.The term that applies to this circumstance is ________.

Suppose that a given gene undergoes a mutation to a dominant allele such that 2 out of 100,000 offspring exhibit the new mutant phenotype.Assuming that these offspring are heterozygous,what is the mutation rate for the gene?

In directional selection,both phenotypic extremes are equally selected against.

Selection is the differential reproduction of genotypes,resulting from their variable fitness.

What single event is probably common to all occurrences of speciation?

What type of evolutionary information can be gained by examining the amino acid sequence of a protein such as cytochrome c?

What is the original source of genetic variation in a population? Which natural factors affect changes in this original variation?

List at least three factors that change gene frequencies in populations.

Present a rationale for using DNA sequence polymorphisms as an index of genetic diversity.Is genetic diversity directly proportional to evolutionary (phylogenetic)diversity?

The difference between fitness of a given genotype and another genotype considered optimal is called the selection coefficient (s).What is the selection coefficient for a genotype (aa)that produces an average of 99 offspring when Aa individuals produce an average of 100 offspring?

In a population of cattle,the following color distribution was noted: 36% red (RR),48% roan (Rr),and 16% white (rr).Is this population in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What will be the distribution of genotypes in the next generation if the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are met?

A certain form of albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal.Assume that 1% of the individuals in a given population are albino.Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,what percentage of the individuals in this population is expected to be heterozygous?