Question 1

What is meant by the term helix-turn-helix (HTH)?

Accepted Answer

A geometric conformation is formed by two adjacent helices separated by a "turn" of several amino acids.Such motifs bind to the major grooves of DNA and interact with the DNA backbone.

Question 2

Two modular elements that appear as consensus sequences upstream from RNA polymerase II transcription start sites are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  microsatellites and transposons 
B)  rDNA and nucleolar organizers 
C)  TATA and CAAT 
D)  TTAA and CCTT 
E)  enhancers and telomeres 
A)  microsatellites and transposons 
B)  rDNA and nucleolar organizers 
C)  TATA and CAAT 
D)  TTAA and CCTT 
E)  enhancers and telomeres C

Question 3

Alternative RNA processing can result in different mRNAs that start with different exons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Regulation of RNA transport through the nuclear membrane is as common in prokaryotes as in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Name three consensus sequences or modular DNA sequences that exist upstream from the coding regions of some eukaryotic genes.

Accepted Answer

TATA,CAAT

Question 6

What evidence indicates that steroid hormones exert their influence at the level of DNA?

Accepted Answer

translocation of the hormone-r

Question 7

An upstream activator sequence (UAS)can function at variable distances and in either orientation.However,it differs from an enhancer in that it cannot function downstream of the transcription starting point.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Because of the imprecision of molecular joining,recombination between LV and J regions shows considerable variation.Which additional circumstance contributes to this variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmutation 
B)  hypermutation 
C)  transfection 
D)  conjugation 
E)  transduction 
A)  transmutation 
B)  hypermutation 
C)  transfection 
D)  conjugation 
E)  transduction

Question 9

What are zinc fingers,and why are they frequently encountered in descriptions of genetic regulation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Zinc fingers consist of amino acid seque

Question 10

Alternative RNA processing generates different mRNAs,which can direct the synthesis of different polypeptides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Transcription factors are proteins with at least two functional domains-one that binds to DNA and one that binds to RNA polymerase or to other transcription factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Mutations in the promoter region of the β-globin gene indicate that some areas are more sensitive than others.When mutations occur in consensus sequences (modular elements such as GC box,CAAT box,TATA box),does transcription usually increase or decrease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mutations in the promoter region of the...

Question 13

In what way is gene rearrangement related to gene regulation? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

The reshuffling of genes provides a way

Question 14

Describe three characteristics of enhancers and silencers.

Accepted Answer

Position need not be fixed.Ori

Question 15

In what way can 5′-azacytidine influence transcription?

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen is at the 5′ position of 5′-aza

Question 16

The two major components of the immune system are humoral and cellular immunity.The humoral component ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is involved in the production of antibodies 
B)  allows the T cells to produce antigens that then stimulate antibody production 
C)  plays a major role in the production of antigens 
D)  suppresses the production of T cells 
E)  is responsible for allowing horizontal gene transfer 
A)  is involved in the production of antibodies 
B)  allows the T cells to produce antigens that then stimulate antibody production 
C)  plays a major role in the production of antigens 
D)  suppresses the production of T cells 
E)  is responsible for allowing horizontal gene transfer

Question 17

Considering the location of genes in the interphase nucleus,certain chromosomal territories appear to exist.Specifically,________.

Accepted Answer

A)  each chromosome appears to occupy a discrete domain 
B)  gene-poor regions of chromosomes are located outside the nucleus, whereas gene-rich 
C)  regions are located inside the nucleus 
D)  even-numbered chromosomes are located in the interior of the nucleus, whereas odd-numbered chromosomes are located peripherally 
E)  large chromosomes are more likely to be located in the center of the nucleus F) small chromosomes are more likely to be located in the center of the nucleus 
A)  each chromosome appears to occupy a discrete domain 
B)  gene-poor regions of chromosomes are located outside the nucleus, whereas gene-rich 
C)  regions are located inside the nucleus 
D)  even-numbered chromosomes are located in the interior of the nucleus, whereas odd-numbered chromosomes are located peripherally 
E)  large chromosomes are more likely to be located in the center of the nucleus F) small chromosomes are more likely to be located in the center of the nucleus

Question 18

Describe the difference between a focused promoter and a dispersed promoter.

Accepted Answer

A focused promoter specifies transcripti

Question 19

In what way is 5′-azacytidine used (experimentally)in the treatment of sickle-cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

The use of 5′-azacytidine redu

Question 20

In general,one could say that fewer levels of regulation are possible in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

What is meant by the term helix-turn-helix (HTH)?

Two modular elements that appear as consensus sequences upstream from RNA polymerase II transcription start sites are ________.

Alternative RNA processing can result in different mRNAs that start with different exons.

Regulation of RNA transport through the nuclear membrane is as common in prokaryotes as in eukaryotes.

Name three consensus sequences or modular DNA sequences that exist upstream from the coding regions of some eukaryotic genes.

What evidence indicates that steroid hormones exert their influence at the level of DNA?

An upstream activator sequence (UAS)can function at variable distances and in either orientation.However,it differs from an enhancer in that it cannot function downstream of the transcription starting point.

Because of the imprecision of molecular joining,recombination between LV and J regions shows considerable variation.Which additional circumstance contributes to this variation?

What are zinc fingers,and why are they frequently encountered in descriptions of genetic regulation in eukaryotes?

Alternative RNA processing generates different mRNAs,which can direct the synthesis of different polypeptides.

Transcription factors are proteins with at least two functional domains-one that binds to DNA and one that binds to RNA polymerase or to other transcription factors.

Mutations in the promoter region of the β-globin gene indicate that some areas are more sensitive than others.When mutations occur in consensus sequences (modular elements such as GC box,CAAT box,TATA box),does transcription usually increase or decrease?

In what way is gene rearrangement related to gene regulation? Give an example.

Describe three characteristics of enhancers and silencers.

In what way can 5′-azacytidine influence transcription?

The two major components of the immune system are humoral and cellular immunity.The humoral component ________.

Considering the location of genes in the interphase nucleus,certain chromosomal territories appear to exist.Specifically,________.

Describe the difference between a focused promoter and a dispersed promoter.

In what way is 5′-azacytidine used (experimentally)in the treatment of sickle-cell anemia?

In general,one could say that fewer levels of regulation are possible in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes.

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genomics, bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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