Question 1

Describe how nucleosomes may influence gene transcription.

Accepted Answer

The binding of transcription f

Question 2

DNA methylation may be a significant mode of genetic regulation in eukaryotes.Methylation refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  altering RNA polymerase activity by DNA modifications 
B)  changes in DNA-DNA hydrogen binding 
C)  altering translational activity especially of highly methylated tRNAs 
D)  alteration of DNA polymerase activity by addition of methyl groups to glycine 
E)  residues F) addition of methyl groups to the cytosine of CG doublets 
A)  altering RNA polymerase activity by DNA modifications 
B)  changes in DNA-DNA hydrogen binding 
C)  altering translational activity especially of highly methylated tRNAs 
D)  alteration of DNA polymerase activity by addition of methyl groups to glycine 
E)  residues F) addition of methyl groups to the cytosine of CG doublets

Question 3

Which process seems to be the most similar between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  transcriptional regulation 
B)  RNA splicing regulation 
C)  intron/exon shuffling 
D)  5′-capping regulation 
E)  poly(
A)  tail addition 
A)  transcriptional regulation 
B)  RNA splicing regulation 
C)  intron/exon shuffling 
D)  5′-capping regulation 
E)  poly(
A)  tail addition

Question 4

When transcription factors interact with DNA,is the resulting genetic control typically positive or negative?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When transcription factors interact with DNA,is the...

Question 5

List three major structural classifications of DNA-binding domains that are found in eukaryotic transcription factors.

Accepted Answer

helix-turn-helix (HT

Question 6

UASs (upstream activating sequences)are DNase hypersensitive.This means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a UAS is constitutively open 
B)  more than one strand of DNA exists in each UAS 
C)  each UAS is likely to be single-stranded 
D)  each UAS has more histone-binding sites than non-UAS sites 
E)  any given UAS is composed of a double-stranded site with a bound repressor 
A)  a UAS is constitutively open 
B)  more than one strand of DNA exists in each UAS 
C)  each UAS is likely to be single-stranded 
D)  each UAS has more histone-binding sites than non-UAS sites 
E)  any given UAS is composed of a double-stranded site with a bound repressor

Question 7

In some cases,genes undergo amplification (local,multiple duplications)when additional gene products are in high demand.Would you consider gene amplification as a form of genetic regulation in eukaryotes? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Since gene amplification involves an inc

Question 8

What is the general position of the consensus sequence called the GC box? What is its sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter; CAAT 
B)  promoter; GGGCGG 
C)  terminator; CAAT 
D)  terminator; GGGCGG 
E)  attenuator; GGGCGG 
A)  promoter; CAAT 
B)  promoter; GGGCGG 
C)  terminator; CAAT 
D)  terminator; GGGCGG 
E)  attenuator; GGGCGG

Question 9

Provide a general set of statements that describes an enhancer.

Accepted Answer

The position of an enhancer ne

Question 10

Transcription in eukaryotes is generally influenced by enhancers just as in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In what ways are eukaryotic transcription factors thought to function?

Accepted Answer

They appear to influence the structural

Question 12

Which of the following clusters of terms applies when addressing enhancers or silencers as elements associated with eukaryotic genetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  cis-acting, variable orientation, variable position 
B)  trans-acting, fixed position, fixed orientation 
C)  cis-acting, fixed position, fixed orientation 
D)  cis-acting, variable position, fixed orientation 
E)  trans- and cis-acting, variable position 
A)  cis-acting, variable orientation, variable position 
B)  trans-acting, fixed position, fixed orientation 
C)  cis-acting, fixed position, fixed orientation 
D)  cis-acting, variable position, fixed orientation 
E)  trans- and cis-acting, variable position

Question 13

The human metallothionein IIA gene (hMTIIA)is transcriptionally regulated through the interplay of regulatory elements and transcription factors.What is the function of this gene,and how is it regulated by environmental circumstances?

Accepted Answer

The gene hMTIIA produces a protein that

Question 14

One of the earliest steps in the RNAi pathway involves the association of siRNA or miRNA molecules with an enzyme complex composed mainly of reverse transcriptase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe the function and general nature of promoters in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

Promoter regions are necessary for the i

Question 16

Approximately 5% of the cytosine residues are methylated in the genome of any given eukaryote.In what way is DNA methylation related to genetic regulation?

Accepted Answer

There is an inverse relationsh

Question 17

In what way do upstream activator sequences (UASs),regulatory sequences in yeast,differ from enhancers and silencers?

Accepted Answer

A)  UASs function only downstream. 
B)  UASs function only upstream. 
C)  Enhancers function only downstream. 
D)  UASs function in the middle of transcription units. 
E)  UASs can function only in the 5′-3′ direction. 
A)  UASs function only downstream. 
B)  UASs function only upstream. 
C)  Enhancers function only downstream. 
D)  UASs function in the middle of transcription units. 
E)  UASs can function only in the 5′-3′ direction.

Question 18

What are the approximate positions of consensus sequences (modular elements)at the 5′ end of eukaryotic genes?

Accepted Answer

GC box (-1

Question 19

List at least three levels or types of genetic regulation in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

transcriptional,DNA

Question 20

List three general pathways in which eukaryotic mRNA is typically degraded in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

poly-A binding prote

Exam 17: Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Describe how nucleosomes may influence gene transcription.

DNA methylation may be a significant mode of genetic regulation in eukaryotes.Methylation refers to ________.

Which process seems to be the most similar between eukaryotic and prokaryotic genetic regulation?

When transcription factors interact with DNA,is the resulting genetic control typically positive or negative?

List three major structural classifications of DNA-binding domains that are found in eukaryotic transcription factors.

UASs (upstream activating sequences)are DNase hypersensitive.This means that ________.

In some cases,genes undergo amplification (local,multiple duplications)when additional gene products are in high demand.Would you consider gene amplification as a form of genetic regulation in eukaryotes? Explain your answer.

What is the general position of the consensus sequence called the GC box? What is its sequence?

Provide a general set of statements that describes an enhancer.

Transcription in eukaryotes is generally influenced by enhancers just as in prokaryotes.

In what ways are eukaryotic transcription factors thought to function?

Which of the following clusters of terms applies when addressing enhancers or silencers as elements associated with eukaryotic genetic regulation?

The human metallothionein IIA gene (hMTIIA)is transcriptionally regulated through the interplay of regulatory elements and transcription factors.What is the function of this gene,and how is it regulated by environmental circumstances?

One of the earliest steps in the RNAi pathway involves the association of siRNA or miRNA molecules with an enzyme complex composed mainly of reverse transcriptase.

Describe the function and general nature of promoters in eukaryotes.

Approximately 5% of the cytosine residues are methylated in the genome of any given eukaryote.In what way is DNA methylation related to genetic regulation?

In what way do upstream activator sequences (UASs),regulatory sequences in yeast,differ from enhancers and silencers?

What are the approximate positions of consensus sequences (modular elements)at the 5′ end of eukaryotic genes?

List at least three levels or types of genetic regulation in eukaryotes.

List three general pathways in which eukaryotic mRNA is typically degraded in eukaryotes.

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,dna Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genomics, bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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