Exam 13: Replicability,Generalization,and the Real World

RESEARCH STUDY 13.4 Dr. Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods"). In his study, he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college. He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One, Dogma, Passion of the Christ) and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen. He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g., church, temple, synagogue, mosque) in the past year. He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance. -Refer to Research Study 13.4 above to answer the following question. Provide an example of a direct replication,conceptual replication,and a replication with extension for Dr.Tropez's original study.

The text states that the first step in establishing a study's importance is to establish its _______.

RESEARCH STUDY 13.3 Dr. Grayson, a health psychologist, conducts a study examining whether when exposed to pictures of food, people eat more than when they are not exposed to pictures of food. She goes to a fast food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.) on Tuesday. On Thursday, she does the same thing but at a fast food restaurant that does not have pictures on their menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant). She finds that the restaurant that has pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. -Refer to Research Study 13.3 above to answer the following question. Because Dr.Grayson conducted her study in a field setting,which of the following is an advantage of her study?

A study conducted in the "real world" is often said to be conducted in:

RESEARCH STUDY 13.3 Dr. Grayson, a health psychologist, conducts a study examining whether when exposed to pictures of food, people eat more than when they are not exposed to pictures of food. She goes to a fast food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.) on Tuesday. On Thursday, she does the same thing but at a fast food restaurant that does not have pictures on their menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant). She finds that the restaurant that has pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. -Refer to Research Study 13.3 above to answer the following question. Dr.Grayson decides to conduct her study again,but in the new study,she studies people at a sit-down restaurant and,instead of looking at a menu board with or without pictures,she manipulates whether the menu they use has pictures or not.This is known as which of the following?

According to the textbook,what is the problem with WEIRD samples?

Name the subdiscipline of psychology that works exclusively in generalization mode and explain why it works exclusively in this mode.

Which of the following claims is always researched in generalization mode?

Which of the following is NOT true of cultural psychology?

Explain how a study can be important but lack a diverse,random sample and a real-world setting.What type of study is likely to have neither of these?

Which of the following is another term for ecological validity?

Which types of claims are always made in generalization mode? Why is this the case?

Which of the following is NOT a major type of replication?

RESEARCH STUDY 13.3 Dr. Grayson, a health psychologist, conducts a study examining whether when exposed to pictures of food, people eat more than when they are not exposed to pictures of food. She goes to a fast food restaurant in downtown Chicago that has pictures of menu items on its menu board and measures the amount of food ordered during the lunch rush (11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.) on Tuesday. On Thursday, she does the same thing but at a fast food restaurant that does not have pictures on their menu board (about two blocks away from the first restaurant). She finds that the restaurant that has pictures of food sells more food than the restaurant that does not have pictures. -Refer to Research Study 13.3 above to answer the following question. Dr.Grayson wants to conduct her study again,but this time she wants to conduct it in her laboratory.She wants people to feel and act the same way in her laboratory that they would when facing ordering choices in an actual fast food restaurant.To this end,she must try to enhance which of the following?

RESEARCH STUDY 13.4 Dr. Tropez conducts a study examining the relationship between exposure to religion in popular media and religiosity (defined as "the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods"). In his study, he randomly samples a group of 113 participants from his local community college. He generates a list of movies with religious themes (Year One, Dogma, Passion of the Christ) and asks participants to indicate how many they have seen. He then measures religiosity by asking participants how many times they have attended a house of worship (e.g., church, temple, synagogue, mosque) in the past year. He finds that having seen a higher number of religious-themed films is positively correlated with religious attendance. -Refer to Research Study 13.4 above to answer the following question. What is the difference between theory-testing mode and generalization mode? In which mode does Dr.Tropez seem to be operating?

Which of the following is true of a scientific literature?

What is experimental realism? What does this mean for studies conducted in artificial settings (e.g.,a laboratory)and studies conducted in field settings?

Responsible journalists do which of the following as it pertains to discussing replicability?

RESEARCH STUDY 13.1 Mark conducts a study for his research methods class to determine if consuming caffeine causes people to perform better on cognitive tasks. In his study, he gives half of his participants a glass of water and half of his participants a glass of cola, and then has them attempt to solve 15 math problems. He finds that people who drink caffeine beforehand solve more math problems than those who drink water beforehand (p < 10.05). -Refer to Research Study 13.1 above to answer the following question. The notation "p < 0.05" indicates which of the following?

Explain why using WEIRD samples tends not to be a problem for researchers operating in the theory-testing mode and why cultural psychologists question this practice.