Question 1

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximizes outcomes by examining all available alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Compare and contrast the five schedules of reinforcement. Provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Student answers and examples will vary b

Question 5

________ is the tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Framing 
B)  Recency 
C)  Contrast 
D)  Anchoring 
E)  Representativeness 
A)  Framing 
B)  Recency 
C)  Contrast 
D)  Anchoring 
E)  Representativeness

Question 6

Brad is widely acknowledged as one of the best sales trainers in the real estate business. He has often been described as having an intuitive grasp not only of real estate sales techniques, but also of the methods for teaching them. One day after a seminar, a new trainee named Tiffany approaches him and asks him to teach her how to do what he does. Dropping the friendly persona that was typical of his on-stage presence, he simply said "I can't," and walked out. Brad was

Accepted Answer

A)  wrong, because he placed too great an emphasis on his own abilities and paid too little attention to the importance of being diplomatic. 
B)  right, because he had already spent a great deal of time teaching at the seminar, and whatever he needed to convey had already been conveyed. 
C)  wrong, because clearly Tiffany was eager to learn, and almost anything can be taught to someone else if that person is eager and willing enough to learn. 
D)  right, because it is not his job to train potential competition-especially someone of the opposite sex who might be attempting to gain an unfair advantage. 
E)  right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities, and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to. 
A)  wrong, because he placed too great an emphasis on his own abilities and paid too little attention to the importance of being diplomatic. 
B)  right, because he had already spent a great deal of time teaching at the seminar, and whatever he needed to convey had already been conveyed. 
C)  wrong, because clearly Tiffany was eager to learn, and almost anything can be taught to someone else if that person is eager and willing enough to learn. 
D)  right, because it is not his job to train potential competition-especially someone of the opposite sex who might be attempting to gain an unfair advantage. 
E)  right, because what he does is based on experience and his personal qualities, and is probably not something he could teach someone else how to do, even if he wanted to.

Question 7

Learning is moderately correlated with task performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

True learning only occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  negative behaviors are unlearned over time. 
B)  novices distinguish themselves from experts. 
C)  employees are assigned larger responsibilities. 
D)  changes in behavior become relatively permanent. 
E)  employees avoid mimicking the behaviors of experts. 
A)  negative behaviors are unlearned over time. 
B)  novices distinguish themselves from experts. 
C)  employees are assigned larger responsibilities. 
D)  changes in behavior become relatively permanent. 
E)  employees avoid mimicking the behaviors of experts.

Question 9

Learning has a ________ effect on commitment.

Accepted Answer

A)  moderate negative effect on performance and a moderate positive 
B)  moderate positive effect on performance and a weak positive 
C)  strong positive effect on performance and a strong positive 
D)  weak negative effect on performance and a strong positive 
E)  weak positive effect on performance and a weak negative 
A)  moderate negative effect on performance and a moderate positive 
B)  moderate positive effect on performance and a weak positive 
C)  strong positive effect on performance and a strong positive 
D)  weak negative effect on performance and a strong positive 
E)  weak positive effect on performance and a weak negative

Question 10

What are the four contingencies of reinforcement? Explain each and provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Student answers and examples will vary b

Question 11

Blaine's coworker, Tamika, has accused him of sexual harassment, but Blaine denies it. Though there is little evidence to support either person's claims, their supervisor, Yessi, is inclined to believe Tamika. She knows that Blaine had a DUI just a few years back, and he was once reprimanded for mismanaging company funds. Yessi's judgment is one of ________ attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  high distinctiveness resulting in an internal 
B)  low distinctiveness resulting in an external 
C)  low distinctiveness resulting in an internal 
D)  low consensus resulting in an external 
E)  low consensus resulting in an internal 
A)  high distinctiveness resulting in an internal 
B)  low distinctiveness resulting in an external 
C)  low distinctiveness resulting in an internal 
D)  low consensus resulting in an external 
E)  low consensus resulting in an internal

Question 12

Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when a person has a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  projection bias. 
B)  availability bias. 
C)  self-serving bias. 
D)  learning orientation. 
E)  performance-prove orientation. 
A)  projection bias. 
B)  availability bias. 
C)  self-serving bias. 
D)  learning orientation. 
E)  performance-prove orientation.

Question 13

Jerry and his brother Joe both work in manufacturing plants, but Jerry gets a regular paycheck, whereas Joe is paid according to the number of items he produces. The difference between the way that Jerry gets paid and the way Joe gets paid is the difference between ________ schedules.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval and fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval and variable ratio 
C)  variable interval and fixed ratio 
D)  variable interval and continuous 
E)  variable interval and variable ratio 
A)  fixed interval and fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval and variable ratio 
C)  variable interval and fixed ratio 
D)  variable interval and continuous 
E)  variable interval and variable ratio

Question 14

Thanks to donations from merchants in the community, an after-school club for disadvantaged children has introduced a new promotion: those who maintain a B average for the school year will each receive $100 in gift certificates from local businesses, such as an ice-cream parlor and a clothing store. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  learning orientation. 
B)  behavioral modeling. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  continuous reinforcement. 
E)  performance-prove orientation. 
A)  learning orientation. 
B)  behavioral modeling. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  continuous reinforcement. 
E)  performance-prove orientation.

Question 15

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

As Taryn likes to say, she may not love her job, but she loves getting paid every two weeks. Her paycheck is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a fixed ratio schedule. 
B)  a fixed interval schedule. 
C)  a variable ratio schedule. 
D)  continuous reinforcement. 
E)  a variable interval schedule. 
A)  a fixed ratio schedule. 
B)  a fixed interval schedule. 
C)  a variable ratio schedule. 
D)  continuous reinforcement. 
E)  a variable interval schedule.

Question 18

________ defines the tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social identity theory 
B)  Selective perception 
C)  Self-serving bias 
D)  Projection bias 
E)  Consensus 
A)  Social identity theory 
B)  Selective perception 
C)  Self-serving bias 
D)  Projection bias 
E)  Consensus

Question 19

Tracy and Tonya's business has enjoyed enormous growth, and they are not sure how to handle the growing list of back orders, so they sit down together to figure out what they should do. First they list the important criteria involved, then they write down all possible solutions. Having done so, they evaluate these alternatives against the criteria they have established, and after a great deal of discussion, they choose an alternative that they believe will yield the best results. Lastly, having made a decision, they set out to implement it. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge transfer. 
B)  bounded rationality. 
C)  communities of practice. 
D)  performance-prove orientation. 
E)  the rational decision-making model. 
A)  knowledge transfer. 
B)  bounded rationality. 
C)  communities of practice. 
D)  performance-prove orientation. 
E)  the rational decision-making model.

Question 20

As a team leader for C & C Engineering, Colin needs to choose the best possible candidate to head up a sensitive project. The client had worked with another engineering firm whose inexperience resulted in structural defects that need to be corrected, and now they have brought the project to Colin's firm. They want someone who can get up to speed on the project quickly and make sound decisions on the job. With little room for error, Colin's best choice for project manager would be

Accepted Answer

A)  Wayne, who is known throughout the industry for his hard-nosed commitment to his ideas and his "my way or the highway" stance as a team leader. 
B)  Tori, who has proven to be a solid worker with the ability to work well with others, and who has shown up for work every day without fail for the past ten years. 
C)  Gayle, who graduated from one of the finest engineering programs in the country at the top of her class, and who has been a stellar performer with C & C ever since she joined the company two years ago. 
D)  Deborah, who has worked for the company for two decades and performed flawlessly, making herself known as someone who consistently delivers within her particular area of expertise. 
E)  Roland, who experienced a number of failures early in his career two decades ago, but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way. 
A)  Wayne, who is known throughout the industry for his hard-nosed commitment to his ideas and his "my way or the highway" stance as a team leader. 
B)  Tori, who has proven to be a solid worker with the ability to work well with others, and who has shown up for work every day without fail for the past ten years. 
C)  Gayle, who graduated from one of the finest engineering programs in the country at the top of her class, and who has been a stellar performer with C & C ever since she joined the company two years ago. 
D)  Deborah, who has worked for the company for two decades and performed flawlessly, making herself known as someone who consistently delivers within her particular area of expertise. 
E)  Roland, who experienced a number of failures early in his career two decades ago, but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way.

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.

The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximizes outcomes by examining all available alternatives.

Compare and contrast the five schedules of reinforcement. Provide an example of each.

________ is the tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.

Learning is moderately correlated with task performance.

True learning only occurs when

Learning has a ________ effect on commitment.

What are the four contingencies of reinforcement? Explain each and provide an example.

Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when a person has a(n)

Jerry and his brother Joe both work in manufacturing plants, but Jerry gets a regular paycheck, whereas Joe is paid according to the number of items he produces. The difference between the way that Jerry gets paid and the way Joe gets paid is the difference between ________ schedules.

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

As Taryn likes to say, she may not love her job, but she loves getting paid every two weeks. Her paycheck is an example of

________ defines the tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

Job Satisfaction

Stress

Motivation

Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Personality and Cultural Values

Ability

Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

Teams: Processes and Communication

Leadership: Power and Negotiation

Leadership: Styles and Behaviors

Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Filters

Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.

The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximizes outcomes by examining all available alternatives.

Compare and contrast the five schedules of reinforcement. Provide an example of each.

________ is the tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.

Learning is moderately correlated with task performance.

True learning only occurs when

Learning has a ________ effect on commitment.

What are the four contingencies of reinforcement? Explain each and provide an example.

Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when a person has a(n)

Jerry and his brother Joe both work in manufacturing plants, but Jerry gets a regular paycheck, whereas Joe is paid according to the number of items he produces. The difference between the way that Jerry gets paid and the way Joe gets paid is the difference between ________ schedules.

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

As Taryn likes to say, she may not love her job, but she loves getting paid every two weeks. Her paycheck is an example of

________ defines the tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations.

What Is Organizational Behavior?

Job Performance

Organizational Commitment

Job Satisfaction

Stress

Motivation

Trust, Justice, and Ethics

Personality and Cultural Values

Ability

Teams: Characteristics and Diversity

Teams: Processes and Communication

Leadership: Power and Negotiation

Leadership: Styles and Behaviors

Organizational Structure

Organizational Culture

Filters