Exam 7: Origins and Organization of the Courts

A method of handling complaints outside the judicial process through a mediator appointed by the court is called ___________.

The 'courtroom work group' refers to the prosecutors,defense counsel,judges,and other courtroom personnel who represent distinct interests but share the goal of shepherding large numbers of cases through the adjudication process.

The prosecutors,defense counsel,judges,and other courtroom personnel who represent distinct interests but share the goal of shepherding large numbers of cases through the adjudication process are called the __________.

Why have victims and witnesses sometimes been called the 'forgotten players' in the criminal justice process?

The term '__________' refers to a method for selecting judges that involves a combination of appointment and election.

Until the late 1800s defendants could not act as witnesses or take the stand in their own defense.Today defendants are permitted to testify under oath.

Attorneys who represent the legal rights of the accused in criminal or civil proceedings are called __________.

An 'expert witness' is a person called to testify because of his or her special expertise in an area at issue in the case.

Programs in which private attorneys,firms,or local bar associations provide legal representation to indigent defendants for a specific period contracted with the county are called __________.

The vast majority of criminal cases are heard in state courts,because most felonies are defined by state laws.

What are the four types of cases in which the U.S.Supreme Court must render an opinion?

__________ refers to a program in which prosecutors intervene in all disorderly behavior that affects the quality of life in a neighborhood.

A legal order from the U.S.Supreme Court stating that a lower court must forward the record of a particular case for review is called a __________.

A program in which prosecutors intervene in all disorderly behavior that affects the quality of life in a neighborhood is called __________.

The United States has a _________ court system;this means that we have state laws and federal laws and state court cases involve state laws and federal cases involve state laws.

__________ is the study of crime victimization,as well as the interactions between victims and the criminal justice system

Legal changes that formally recognize the role and rights of victims in the justice process are called the __________.

Some analyses indicate that __________ foster sentencing based on perceptions of the victim's worth rather than on the seriousness of the crime.The inclusion of these accounts is relatively new,however,and changes in sentencing laws to accommodate the requests of victims are still occurring.