Exam 2: Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories

Children enjoy and learn well from an environment that offers a fairly wide range of difficulty inwhich they are allowed the ____________________ to choose toys, games, and interactionsmatched to their ability level.

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Nature​

How is life different for children in today's changing world?

Compared with previous cultures, children today are pampered and indulged.

The use of the word "it" to describe babies and young children gives a subtle indication that theyare not perceived as real persons yet.

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​ -Failure to thrive syndrome​

Mindless habits a child really wants to change can probably be treated quickly and effectivelythrough constructivist strategies.

If interactions in the environment are too difficult, children become frustrated and discouraged.

Vygotsky's theory of development​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​ -Democracy​

Montessori and Dewey set out to reform education, but ________ tried only to understand andexplain how children think and learn.

Robert Carkhuff and George Gazda​

Maturationists see the development of proper behavior as an adult-directed process.

The constructivist view assumes that the external environment alone determines a child'sdevelopment of personality and intelligence.

A society in which people freely follow their own individual desires and interests is called a(n)

What personal characteristics do children need to develop to succeed in contemporary society?

Constructivists believe that behavior and learning result from the interactions between internaldevelopment and the ____________________ environment.

​Match each definition to the corresponding term. -Maria Montessori​

​Match each definition to the corresponding term.​ -John Locke​

Developmentally appropriate practice revolves around the basic assumption that earlydevelopment results from the interaction between children's inner capacity and motivation andtheir external environment.