Question 1

The covariation principle says that in deciding between dispositional and situational explanations,we should look for three factors:

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness 
B)  person, role, and event schemas 
C)  behavioral, affective, and cognitive components 
D)  stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination 
A)  consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness 
B)  person, role, and event schemas 
C)  behavioral, affective, and cognitive components 
D)  stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination

Question 2

Which of the following statements is the best example of a fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  "People live in ghettos because they lack the motivation to make anything of themselves." 
B)  "She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth." 
C)  "Prison guards are not mean people, they are just victims of a very difficult situation." 
D)  "There, but for the grace of God, go I." 
A)  "People live in ghettos because they lack the motivation to make anything of themselves." 
B)  "She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth." 
C)  "Prison guards are not mean people, they are just victims of a very difficult situation." 
D)  "There, but for the grace of God, go I."

Question 3

We use the reactions of other people to judge the seriousness of a situation,according to which of the following theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit personality theories 
B)  informational influence theory 
C)  diffusion of responsibility theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
A)  implicit personality theories 
B)  informational influence theory 
C)  diffusion of responsibility theory 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 4

According to the textbook,what is one reason why we frequently use stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotypes are reinforced by the general public 
B)  stereotypes require deep, reflective thought 
C)  it requires that we consider attributions and groupthink experiences 
D)  it saves us time thinking 
A)  stereotypes are reinforced by the general public 
B)  stereotypes require deep, reflective thought 
C)  it requires that we consider attributions and groupthink experiences 
D)  it saves us time thinking

Question 5

"A behavior performed because of group pressure,even though that pressure involves no direct requests" is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

A)  obedience 
B)  compliance 
C)  consistency 
D)  conformity 
A)  obedience 
B)  compliance 
C)  consistency 
D)  conformity

Question 6

You are presenting a scientific paper to a group of your professors.Based on Module 25,what approach should you take and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  the secondary approach, since your audience is likely to be much older than you 
B)  the peripheral approach, since your professors are most concerned with how interesting you can make the presentation 
C)  the central approach, because the audience is most interested in the facts 
D)  the central approach, because the audience is most interested in your presentation skills 
A)  the secondary approach, since your audience is likely to be much older than you 
B)  the peripheral approach, since your professors are most concerned with how interesting you can make the presentation 
C)  the central approach, because the audience is most interested in the facts 
D)  the central approach, because the audience is most interested in your presentation skills

Question 7

What is the initial stage in the decision-stage model of helping?

Accepted Answer

A)  assuming personal responsibility 
B)  choosing a form of assistance 
C)  noticing the situation 
D)  carrying out the assistance 
A)  assuming personal responsibility 
B)  choosing a form of assistance 
C)  noticing the situation 
D)  carrying out the assistance

Question 8

Harold Kelley developed the covariation principle to:

Accepted Answer

A)  help people overcome responses resulting from obedience 
B)  categorize and identify the origins of specific attitudes 
C)  determine whether behavior should be attributed to dispositional or situational factors 
D)  identify the masculine and feminine components of an individual's self-schema 
A)  help people overcome responses resulting from obedience 
B)  categorize and identify the origins of specific attitudes 
C)  determine whether behavior should be attributed to dispositional or situational factors 
D)  identify the masculine and feminine components of an individual's self-schema

Question 9

Those against requiring all teen girls to be vaccinated against HPV argued that:

Accepted Answer

A)  some health insurance will not cover the vaccine 
B)  the vaccine has some serious side effects 
C)  the vaccine is not effective 
D)  doing so undermines abstinence as the best method to avoid HPV 
A)  some health insurance will not cover the vaccine 
B)  the vaccine has some serious side effects 
C)  the vaccine is not effective 
D)  doing so undermines abstinence as the best method to avoid HPV

Question 10

Why are schemas so highly resistant to change?

Accepted Answer

A)  They prevent us from overlooking information. 
B)  They fail to fill in missing information. 
C)  We discount information that is inconsistent with them. 
D)  We forget information that is consistent with them. 
A)  They prevent us from overlooking information. 
B)  They fail to fill in missing information. 
C)  We discount information that is inconsistent with them. 
D)  We forget information that is consistent with them.

Question 11

You and a friend are watching television when a commercial comes on for a fast-food restaurant.The commercial shows happy people talking and laughing at the restaurant,but not much mention is made of the food.You correctly identify the commercial to be an example of the ____ of persuasion.

Accepted Answer

A)  covariation model 
B)  attributional route 
C)  central route 
D)  peripheral route 
A)  covariation model 
B)  attributional route 
C)  central route 
D)  peripheral route

Question 12

When psychiatrists were asked to predict what percentage of the population would deliver the full range of shocks in the Milgram experiment,their prediction was:

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 1 percent 
B)  about 2 percent 
C)  between 25 and 30 percent 
D)  about 50 percent 
A)  less than 1 percent 
B)  about 2 percent 
C)  between 25 and 30 percent 
D)  about 50 percent

Question 13

An unfair,biased,or intolerant attitude toward another group of people is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice 
B)  expectation 
C)  stereotype 
D)  attribution 
A)  prejudice 
B)  expectation 
C)  stereotype 
D)  attribution

Question 14

The state of unpleasant psychological tension that motivates people to reduce our inconsistencies and return to a more consistent state is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-serving bias 
B)  attribution 
C)  prejudice 
D)  cognitive dissonance 
A)  the self-serving bias 
B)  attribution 
C)  prejudice 
D)  cognitive dissonance

Question 15

The frustration-aggression hypothesis was modified because of research that indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people always respond to frustration with aggression 
B)  aggression is genetic 
C)  cognitive factors can override aggression 
D)  aggression is an innate, biological phenomenon 
A)  people always respond to frustration with aggression 
B)  aggression is genetic 
C)  cognitive factors can override aggression 
D)  aggression is an innate, biological phenomenon

Question 16

Schemas are:

Accepted Answer

A)  errors in attribution caused by cognitive dissonance 
B)  mental categories representing an organized collection of knowledge 
C)  attitudes resulting in prejudice and discrimination 
D)  factors that co-vary with the behavior we are trying to explain 
A)  errors in attribution caused by cognitive dissonance 
B)  mental categories representing an organized collection of knowledge 
C)  attitudes resulting in prejudice and discrimination 
D)  factors that co-vary with the behavior we are trying to explain

Question 17

According to Irving Janis,the mindguard in a group:

Accepted Answer

A)  keeps discussions open and unbiased 
B)  makes sure all group members express their opinions 
C)  prevents groupthink from occurring 
D)  discourages ideas that threaten group unity 
A)  keeps discussions open and unbiased 
B)  makes sure all group members express their opinions 
C)  prevents groupthink from occurring 
D)  discourages ideas that threaten group unity

Question 18

Susan is going on a blind date with Michael.When she first meets Michael,she notices that he has long hair,an earring,and wears a leather jacket.She decides that Michael is rebellious,dangerous,and aggressive.She is basing her judgments on which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  the two-way process 
B)  seeking information 
C)  the need to explain 
D)  social consequences 
A)  the two-way process 
B)  seeking information 
C)  the need to explain 
D)  social consequences

Question 19

An advantage of schemas is that they:

Accepted Answer

A)  help us organize complex stimuli 
B)  force us to focus on all information, rather than just parts of it 
C)  help us see the world as others see it 
D)  constantly change 
A)  help us organize complex stimuli 
B)  force us to focus on all information, rather than just parts of it 
C)  help us see the world as others see it 
D)  constantly change

Question 20

A group of college students decided to go to a hockey game on Friday night and "blow off some steam." What does the research reveal about catharsis?

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis is only effective for moderately aggressive individuals 
B)  catharsis works, but only for mildly aggressive individuals 
C)  observing athletic events is an effective way to reduce aggression 
D)  it may actually increase aggression 
A)  catharsis is only effective for moderately aggressive individuals 
B)  catharsis works, but only for mildly aggressive individuals 
C)  observing athletic events is an effective way to reduce aggression 
D)  it may actually increase aggression

Exam 25: Social Psychology

The covariation principle says that in deciding between dispositional and situational explanations,we should look for three factors:

Which of the following statements is the best example of a fundamental attribution error?

We use the reactions of other people to judge the seriousness of a situation,according to which of the following theories?

According to the textbook,what is one reason why we frequently use stereotypes?

"A behavior performed because of group pressure,even though that pressure involves no direct requests" is the definition of:

You are presenting a scientific paper to a group of your professors.Based on Module 25,what approach should you take and why?

What is the initial stage in the decision-stage model of helping?

Harold Kelley developed the covariation principle to:

Those against requiring all teen girls to be vaccinated against HPV argued that:

Why are schemas so highly resistant to change?

You and a friend are watching television when a commercial comes on for a fast-food restaurant.The commercial shows happy people talking and laughing at the restaurant,but not much mention is made of the food.You correctly identify the commercial to be an example of the ____ of persuasion.

When psychiatrists were asked to predict what percentage of the population would deliver the full range of shocks in the Milgram experiment,their prediction was:

An unfair,biased,or intolerant attitude toward another group of people is called a(n):

The state of unpleasant psychological tension that motivates people to reduce our inconsistencies and return to a more consistent state is referred to as:

The frustration-aggression hypothesis was modified because of research that indicated that:

Schemas are:

According to Irving Janis,the mindguard in a group:

Susan is going on a blind date with Michael.When she first meets Michael,she notices that he has long hair,an earring,and wears a leather jacket.She decides that Michael is rebellious,dangerous,and aggressive.She is basing her judgments on which of the following factors?

An advantage of schemas is that they:

A group of college students decided to go to a hockey game on Friday night and "blow off some steam." What does the research reveal about catharsis?

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