Question 1

Research has found that the processes of forming prototypes and matching things to prototypes:

Accepted Answer

A)  go on at a conscious level 
B)  go on at an unconscious level 
C)  are influenced by grades in school 
D)  are influenced by the proficiency of one's memory system 
A)  go on at a conscious level 
B)  go on at an unconscious level 
C)  are influenced by grades in school 
D)  are influenced by the proficiency of one's memory system

Question 2

Functional fixedness is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to transfer old learning to new situations 
B)  a rule that can be used to solve new problems 
C)  the inability to see an object as having a use different from its usual one. 
D)  the inability to use heuristics or algorithms 
A)  the ability to transfer old learning to new situations 
B)  a rule that can be used to solve new problems 
C)  the inability to see an object as having a use different from its usual one. 
D)  the inability to use heuristics or algorithms

Question 3

The rules that allow us to combine words to make meaningful phrases and sentences is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  morphology 
B)  phonology 
C)  syntax 
D)  semantics 
A)  morphology 
B)  phonology 
C)  syntax 
D)  semantics

Question 4

According to the exemplar theory of concept formation,we list all of the essential properties that define an object,event,or characteristic.When we encounter an event and need to conceptualize it,we proceed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  find the concept that fits all of the essential characteristics of that event 
B)  compare the selected concept to the prototype 
C)  use algorithms 
D)  use heuristics 
A)  find the concept that fits all of the essential characteristics of that event 
B)  compare the selected concept to the prototype 
C)  use algorithms 
D)  use heuristics

Question 5

In problem solving,there are three states.Which of the following is not among the three states?

Accepted Answer

A)  preparation state 
B)  initial state 
C)  operations state 
D)  goal state 
A)  preparation state 
B)  initial state 
C)  operations state 
D)  goal state

Question 6

The cognitive approach to creativity focuses on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent thinking of creative people 
B)  personal histories of creative individuals 
C)  differences between creative thinkers 
D)  tools of creative thinking, such as mental imagery 
A)  convergent thinking of creative people 
B)  personal histories of creative individuals 
C)  differences between creative thinkers 
D)  tools of creative thinking, such as mental imagery

Question 7

Searching for some rule,plan,or strategy that leads to achieving a currently unavailable goal is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  problem solving 
B)  mental setting 
C)  an availability heuristic 
D)  divergent thinking 
A)  problem solving 
B)  mental setting 
C)  an availability heuristic 
D)  divergent thinking

Question 8

When a child is taught a song,the brain areas that are stimulated are those also used in language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The most basic speech sounds of a given language are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  phonemes 
B)  morphemes 
C)  syllables 
D)  semantics 
A)  phonemes 
B)  morphemes 
C)  syllables 
D)  semantics

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in reading?

Accepted Answer

A)  morpheme producer, automatic detector, word analyzer 
B)  phoneme producer, word analyzer, syntax detector 
C)  morpheme producer, phoneme analyzer, work detector 
D)  phoneme producer, word analyzer, automatic detector 
A)  morpheme producer, automatic detector, word analyzer 
B)  phoneme producer, word analyzer, syntax detector 
C)  morpheme producer, phoneme analyzer, work detector 
D)  phoneme producer, word analyzer, automatic detector

Question 11

Explain how a child develops concepts and how increasing language skills influence this development.

Accepted Answer

A child develops concepts through a proc

Question 12

"Which job offer should I take? Do I go to New York,Cincinnati,Minneapolis,Chicago,or Dallas? I need to collect some information about each city with regard to health care,recreation,crime,and housing." This person is in what state of problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  preparation state 
B)  initial state 
C)  operations state 
D)  goal state 
A)  preparation state 
B)  initial state 
C)  operations state 
D)  goal state

Question 13

The ____ heuristic says that we have a tendency to assume that an object or event belongs in a particular category based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that category.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithm 
B)  availability 
C)  exemplar 
D)  representative 
A)  algorithm 
B)  availability 
C)  exemplar 
D)  representative

Question 14

The less musical training a person has,the more activity there is in the brain areas devoted to speech and communication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

There is little evidence that dolphins:

Accepted Answer

A)  carry out commands 
B)  express emotional states 
C)  understand hand signals 
D)  can apply the rules of grammar to create meaningful sentences 
A)  carry out commands 
B)  express emotional states 
C)  understand hand signals 
D)  can apply the rules of grammar to create meaningful sentences

Question 16

What term refers to the ability to use sounds,smells,or gestures to exchange information?

Accepted Answer

A)  communication 
B)  expression 
C)  language 
D)  grammar 
A)  communication 
B)  expression 
C)  language 
D)  grammar

Question 17

In the word "sock",the sound of the "s" is a(n)____,whereas the use of the "s" to make the word plural is a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overgeneralization; transformational rule 
B)  concept; unit of grammar 
C)  syntax; semantic 
D)  phoneme; morpheme 
A)  overgeneralization; transformational rule 
B)  concept; unit of grammar 
C)  syntax; semantic 
D)  phoneme; morpheme

Question 18

This individual you know solves problems on a regular basis in very innovative ways that influence other people.This person is:

Accepted Answer

A)  divergent 
B)  convergent 
C)  creative 
D)  transformational 
A)  divergent 
B)  convergent 
C)  creative 
D)  transformational

Question 19

We tend to base decisions solely on our rational thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to the textbook,learning to read is different than learning to speak,because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain does not have innate areas devoted specifically to speaking 
B)  speaking involves motor movements and hearing 
C)  the brain does not have innate areas devoted specifically to reading 
D)  reading is more defined by one's culture than speaking 
A)  the brain does not have innate areas devoted specifically to speaking 
B)  speaking involves motor movements and hearing 
C)  the brain does not have innate areas devoted specifically to reading 
D)  reading is more defined by one's culture than speaking

Exam 14: Thought and Language

Research has found that the processes of forming prototypes and matching things to prototypes:

Functional fixedness is defined as:

The rules that allow us to combine words to make meaningful phrases and sentences is termed:

According to the exemplar theory of concept formation,we list all of the essential properties that define an object,event,or characteristic.When we encounter an event and need to conceptualize it,we proceed to:

In problem solving,there are three states.Which of the following is not among the three states?

The cognitive approach to creativity focuses on the:

Searching for some rule,plan,or strategy that leads to achieving a currently unavailable goal is called:

When a child is taught a song,the brain areas that are stimulated are those also used in language.

The most basic speech sounds of a given language are called:

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in reading?

Explain how a child develops concepts and how increasing language skills influence this development.

"Which job offer should I take? Do I go to New York,Cincinnati,Minneapolis,Chicago,or Dallas? I need to collect some information about each city with regard to health care,recreation,crime,and housing." This person is in what state of problem solving?

The ____ heuristic says that we have a tendency to assume that an object or event belongs in a particular category based on how similar it is to the typical prototype of that category.

The less musical training a person has,the more activity there is in the brain areas devoted to speech and communication.

There is little evidence that dolphins:

What term refers to the ability to use sounds,smells,or gestures to exchange information?

In the word "sock",the sound of the "s" is a(n)____,whereas the use of the "s" to make the word plural is a(n)____.

This individual you know solves problems on a regular basis in very innovative ways that influence other people.This person is:

We tend to base decisions solely on our rational thinking.

According to the textbook,learning to read is different than learning to speak,because:

Discovering Psychology

Psychology and Science

Brains Building Blocks

Incredible Nervous System

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Types of Memory

Remembering and Forgetting

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In the word "sock",the sound of the "s" is a(n),whereas the use of the "s" to make the word plural is a(n).