Exam 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits

Drug tolerance can be defined as a shift in the dose-response curve to the __________.

Globally,more than 1 billion people are addicted to _____________,and more than 76 million are addicted to _____________.

Cocaine is frequently consumed in

Tolerance that occurs because the target tissue becomes less reactive to the drug after exposure is

Opioids likely exert their psychoactive effects by binding to

Cocaine hydrochloride

Drug-addicted individuals who have stopped taking their drug of abuse often relapse if they take their drug just once.This effect is called drug __________.

The first-to-be-isolated endogenous chemical that binds to THC receptors was named

The direct health hazards of addiction to __________ are relatively minor; they include constipation,pupil constriction,menstrual irregularity,and reduced sex drive.

Rats will press a lever to administer electrical brain stimulation to sites in their own brains.This phenomenon is called intracranial __________.

Modern approaches to the study of drug addiction are concerned with modeling

Many early studies of intracranial self-stimulation focused on the stimulation of the

Which drug has been shown to increase the rate of cancer and heart disease in nonusers of the drug who are living with users of the drug?

Which drug is currently an alternative to methadone as a treatment for heroin addiction?

Which of the following drugs is a stimulant?

Drug tolerance is a shift in the dose-response curve

Marijuana contains over 80

Convulsions can be triggered by the sudden withdrawal of this widely used drug of abuse: __________.

Laboratory animals have frequently been shown to self-administer microinjections of addictive drugs directly into the

Pregnant females who use __________ risk bearing a child with physical deformities and mental retardation.