Question 1

What is an advantage of open-ended questions? What is a disadvantage?

Accepted Answer

An advantage of open-ended questions is

Question 2

Unobtrusive observation is done to counteract which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Observer bias 
B) Observer effects 
C) Reactivity 
D) Nay-saying 
A) Observer bias 
B) Observer effects 
C) Reactivity 
D) Nay-saying

Question 3

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

Accepted Answer

A) Observer bias 
B) Nondifferentiation 
C) Socially desirable responding 
D) Uniqueness 
A) Observer bias 
B) Nondifferentiation 
C) Socially desirable responding 
D) Uniqueness

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true of observational data?

Accepted Answer

A) Observational measures automatically have good construct validity. 
B) Observational measures cannot be used to make causal claims. 
C) Observational measures can be used to make frequency claims. 
D) Observational measures provide better information than self-report data. 
A) Observational measures automatically have good construct validity. 
B) Observational measures cannot be used to make causal claims. 
C) Observational measures can be used to make frequency claims. 
D) Observational measures provide better information than self-report data.

Question 5

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a forced-choice question. 
B) It is a double-barreled question. 
C) It has a double negative. 
D) It is a leading question. 
A) It is a forced-choice question. 
B) It is a double-barreled question. 
C) It has a double negative. 
D) It is a leading question.

Question 6

Professor Singh creates a survey to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes: Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He writes the following questions for his survey:
A.What was your favorite part of this class?
B.Please rate how much you agree with the following statement using the scale below: This was one of my favorite classes all semester.
 
C.Which of the following is most true of you? a. I am a very serious student. b. I try only as hard as I have to.
D. How easy did you feel this class was?
 
Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a Likert scale?

Accepted Answer

A) Question A 
B) Question B 
C)  Question C 
D)  Question D 
A) Question A 
B) Question B 
C)  Question C 
D)  Question D

Question 7

Which of the following is a good reason a researcher may give for using observational methods as opposed to self-report methods?

Accepted Answer

A) "I do not want to have to worry about the construct validity of my conceptual variable." 
B) "I do not want to have to worry about ethics." 
C) "I want to measure something that people may not know how often they do it." 
D) "I want to make a causal claim." 
A) "I do not want to have to worry about the construct validity of my conceptual variable." 
B) "I do not want to have to worry about ethics." 
C) "I want to measure something that people may not know how often they do it." 
D) "I want to make a causal claim."

Question 8

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey question?

Accepted Answer

A) How well it is worded 
B) How many people answer it 
C) How short it is 
D) How many response options it has 
A) How well it is worded 
B) How many people answer it 
C) How short it is 
D) How many response options it has

Question 9

Professor Singh creates a survey to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes: Psychology and Law and Introduction to Neuroscience. He writes the following questions for his survey:
A.What was your favorite part of this class?
B.Please rate how much you agree with the following statement using the scale below: This was one of my favorite classes all semester.
 
C.Which of the following is most true of you? a. I am a very serious student. b. I try only as hard as I have to.
D. How easy did you feel this class was?
 
Which of the questions above is an example of an open-ended question?

Accepted Answer

A) Question A 
B) Question B 
C)  Question C 
D)  Question D 
A) Question A 
B) Question B 
C)  Question C 
D)  Question D

Question 10

Which of the following questions is most likely to result in a socially desirable answer?

Accepted Answer

A) "How often do you shop online?" 
B) "Have you ever sent a 'sext' (a sexually explicit message or photo)?" 
C) "When was the last time you tweeted/retweeted?" 
D) "Why did you choose your Facebook profile photo? 
A) "How often do you shop online?" 
B) "Have you ever sent a 'sext' (a sexually explicit message or photo)?" 
C) "When was the last time you tweeted/retweeted?" 
D) "Why did you choose your Facebook profile photo?

Question 11

The construct validity of observations can be threatened by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) observer bias. 
B) observer effects. 
C) reactivity. 
D) socially desirable responding. 
A) observer bias. 
B) observer effects. 
C) reactivity. 
D) socially desirable responding.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most direct way to control for question order effects?

Accepted Answer

A) Give the survey questions to different groups of people. 
B) Prepare different versions of the survey, varying the order of the questions. 
C) Combine multiple questions into single questions. 
D) Order effects cannot be controlled for. 
A) Give the survey questions to different groups of people. 
B) Prepare different versions of the survey, varying the order of the questions. 
C) Combine multiple questions into single questions. 
D) Order effects cannot be controlled for.

Question 13

Dr. Katz is interested in studying self-esteem. He is especially curious as to whether people who have higher self-esteem say the words I and me more often than those who have low self-esteem do. He has decided to poll people and ask them how often they say these words during the day. Explain why you would advise him not to use this method and explain what alternative you would propose.

Accepted Answer

People are unlikely to be able to realis

Question 14

Which of the following is true of question wording?

Accepted Answer

A) It has no effect on the results of a survey/poll. 
B) No research has scientifically demonstrated that question wording affects the answers participants give. 
C) Differences in how questions are worded always lead to different results. 
D) Researchers may alter the wording of a question to determine if it does have an effect on the results. 
A) It has no effect on the results of a survey/poll. 
B) No research has scientifically demonstrated that question wording affects the answers participants give. 
C) Differences in how questions are worded always lead to different results. 
D) Researchers may alter the wording of a question to determine if it does have an effect on the results.

Question 15

There are several ways to decrease socially desirable responding. Choose one of these and explain why it decreases this response tendency.

Accepted Answer

Students may provide any of the followin

Question 16

Dr. Omiata is working on creating a survey designed to measure people's attitudes toward marijuana use. For each statement, the person is asked to rate their agreement on a 5-point scale. A selection of his statements is below.
   
A.I think that people who illegally ruin their lives by smoking pot are all alike.
B.I think that marijuana should be legal in all 50 states and that people should have easy access to it.
C.Marijuana consumption should never not be controlled.
D.People who smoke marijuana are breaking the law.
For each of Dr. Omiata's statements, state whether it is well worded. If it is not, indicate what the problem is and how it could be fixed.

Accepted Answer

a.Statement A is leading and is likely t

Question 17

Which of the following is a unique threat to construct validity found only in behavioral observation?

Accepted Answer

A) Acquiescence 
B) Fence sitting 
C) Socially desirable responding 
D) Observer bias 
A) Acquiescence 
B) Fence sitting 
C) Socially desirable responding 
D) Observer bias

Question 18

Faking good is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A) fence sitting. 
B) acquiescence. 
C) socially desirable responding. 
D) nondifferentiation. 
A) fence sitting. 
B) acquiescence. 
C) socially desirable responding. 
D) nondifferentiation.

Question 19

Dr. Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared to opposite-sex friend pairs.
Dr) Ewell is concerned that the children will behave differently because of the presence of research assistants. He is concerned about:

Accepted Answer

A) reactivity. 
B) observer bias. 
C) faking good. 
D) interrater reliability. 
A) reactivity. 
B) observer bias. 
C) faking good. 
D) interrater reliability.

Question 20

Dr. Jewell is interested in measuring people's attitudes toward proposed tax cuts. One of his items reads, "People who support cutting taxes are not well informed about how the government works." What is the problem with this question?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a forced-choice question. 
B) It is a double-barreled question. 
C) It has a double negative. 
D) It is a leading question. 
A) It is a forced-choice question. 
B) It is a double-barreled question. 
C) It has a double negative. 
D) It is a leading question.

What is an advantage of open-ended questions? What is a disadvantage?

Unobtrusive observation is done to counteract which of the following?

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

Which of the following statements is true of observational data?

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?

Which of the following is a good reason a researcher may give for using observational methods as opposed to self-report methods?

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey question?

Which of the following questions is most likely to result in a socially desirable answer?

The construct validity of observations can be threatened by all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is the most direct way to control for question order effects?

Which of the following is true of question wording?

There are several ways to decrease socially desirable responding. Choose one of these and explain why it decreases this response tendency.

Which of the following is a unique threat to construct validity found only in behavioral observation?

Faking good is also known as:

Dr. Jewell is interested in measuring people's attitudes toward proposed tax cuts. One of his items reads, "People who support cutting taxes are not well informed about how the government works." What is the problem with this question?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

Filters

Exam 6: Surveys and Observations: Describing What People Do

What is an advantage of open-ended questions? What is a disadvantage?

Unobtrusive observation is done to counteract which of the following?

Which of the following is another term for response sets?

Which of the following statements is true of observational data?

In his measure of "need for cognition" (the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving), Dr. Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?

Which of the following is a good reason a researcher may give for using observational methods as opposed to self-report methods?

Which of the following determines the construct validity of a survey question?

Which of the following questions is most likely to result in a socially desirable answer?

The construct validity of observations can be threatened by all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following is the most direct way to control for question order effects?

Which of the following is true of question wording?

There are several ways to decrease socially desirable responding. Choose one of these and explain why it decreases this response tendency.

Which of the following is a unique threat to construct validity found only in behavioral observation?

Faking good is also known as:

Dr. Jewell is interested in measuring people's attitudes toward proposed tax cuts. One of his items reads, "People who support cutting taxes are not well informed about how the government works." What is the problem with this question?

Psychology Is a Way of Thinking

Sources of Information: Why Research Is Best and How to Find It

Three Claims, Four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

Identifying Good Measurement

Sampling: Estimating the Frequency of Behaviors and Beliefs

Bivariate Correlational Research

Multivariate Correlational Research

Introduction to Simple Experiments

More on Experiments: Confounding and Obscuring Variables

Experiments With More Than One Independent Variable

Quasi-Experiments and Small-N Designs

Replication, Generalization, and the Real World

Filters