Question 1

Hot springs can be formed by the heating of groundwater by magma or by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) decompression heating 
B) infrared heating by the Sun 
C) the geothermal gradient 
D) heating by the core 
A) decompression heating 
B) infrared heating by the Sun 
C) the geothermal gradient 
D) heating by the core

Question 2

Karst terrain forms in areas that are covered in which type of rock?

Accepted Answer

A) basalt 
B) sandstone 
C) limestone 
D) mudstone 
A) basalt 
B) sandstone 
C) limestone 
D) mudstone

Question 3

In many areas with karst terrain,people use sinkholes as places to dump garbage.What effect might this practice have on the groundwater supply?

Accepted Answer

A) None;sinkholes are not connected to groundwater sources. 
B) It clogs the sinkholes so that water cannot percolate into the groundwater. 
C) It could block the groundwater discharge from unconfined aquifers only. 
D) It could contaminate the groundwater in any or all aquifers in the area. 
A) None;sinkholes are not connected to groundwater sources. 
B) It clogs the sinkholes so that water cannot percolate into the groundwater. 
C) It could block the groundwater discharge from unconfined aquifers only. 
D) It could contaminate the groundwater in any or all aquifers in the area.

Question 4

In order for a well to function properly it must be drilled below the water table and into a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A) aquifer 
B) aquitard 
C) spring 
D) geyser 
A) aquifer 
B) aquitard 
C) spring 
D) geyser

Question 5

Consult the figure below.What will eventually happen to the Everglades if the people of Miami and Fort Myers do not stop using the water?

Accepted Answer

A) It will shift toward Lake Okeechobee. 
B) It will eventually dry up and disappear. 
C) It will shift to be closer to Fort Myers. 
D) It will be replenished by recharge. 
A) It will shift toward Lake Okeechobee. 
B) It will eventually dry up and disappear. 
C) It will shift to be closer to Fort Myers. 
D) It will be replenished by recharge.

Question 6

Sinkholes are a concern primarily for residents whose dwellings are constructed atop ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sandstone 
B) shale 
C) limestone 
D) granite 
A) sandstone 
B) shale 
C) limestone 
D) granite

Question 7

Land subsidence is likely when ________.

Accepted Answer

A) groundwater recharge occurs 
B) the calcium content of groundwater increases 
C) the water table rises 
D) discharge lowers the water table 
A) groundwater recharge occurs 
B) the calcium content of groundwater increases 
C) the water table rises 
D) discharge lowers the water table

Question 8

A(n)________ aquifer is more likely to be contaminated than a(n)________ aquifer.

Accepted Answer

A) confined;unconfined 
B) unconfined;confined 
C) artesian;surficial 
D) sandstone;limestone 
A) confined;unconfined 
B) unconfined;confined 
C) artesian;surficial 
D) sandstone;limestone

Question 9

A regular kitchen sponge has ________ porosity but ________ permeability.

Accepted Answer

A) high;high 
B) low;high 
C) high;low 
D) no;high 
A) high;high 
B) low;high 
C) high;low 
D) no;high

Question 10

Recharge areas for artesian wells and springs are generally in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) desert 
B) mountains 
C) ocean 
D) flatlands 
A) desert 
B) mountains 
C) ocean 
D) flatlands

Question 11

The majority of caves are formed by the dissolution of bedrock ________.

Accepted Answer

A) above the water table 
B) just below the water table 
C) greater than 10 m below the water table 
D) greater than 10 m above the water table 
A) above the water table 
B) just below the water table 
C) greater than 10 m below the water table 
D) greater than 10 m above the water table

Question 12

If a material is porous,it ________.

Accepted Answer

A) will be permeable as well 
B) will be impermeable 
C) may be permeable or impermeable 
D) would not be permeable or impermeable 
A) will be permeable as well 
B) will be impermeable 
C) may be permeable or impermeable 
D) would not be permeable or impermeable

Question 13

Consult the figure below.Where is the hydraulic head the highest and why?

Accepted Answer

A) A,because there is more rock above it. 
B) A,because there is more water above it. 
C) B,because there is less rock above it. 
D) B,because there is less water above it. 
A) A,because there is more rock above it. 
B) A,because there is more water above it. 
C) B,because there is less rock above it. 
D) B,because there is less water above it.

Question 14

Imagine you are drilling and find water;how would you be able to tell if you have found a perched aquifer?

Accepted Answer

A) The water table is too high. 
B) The water table is too low. 
C) The water will be saltier. 
D) The water will be contaminated. 
A) The water table is too high. 
B) The water table is too low. 
C) The water will be saltier. 
D) The water will be contaminated.

Question 15

Groundwater ________.

Accepted Answer

A) does not affect the porosity of the rock and sediment through which it flows 
B) uniformly increases porosity because of the dissolution of grains 
C) uniformly decreases porosity because of the deposition of minerals into pores 
D) may increase or decrease porosity through dissolution or deposition 
A) does not affect the porosity of the rock and sediment through which it flows 
B) uniformly increases porosity because of the dissolution of grains 
C) uniformly decreases porosity because of the deposition of minerals into pores 
D) may increase or decrease porosity through dissolution or deposition

Question 16

You are performing a dye trace study in which you add some dye to a recharge area of the Norton Aquifer and monitor various wells drilled into the aquifer to watch for the dye to appear.You have determined that the effective velocity of groundwater in the Norton Aquifer is 7.5× 10-⁷ m/s,and you are monitoring wells at distances of 0.5 m (Well A),2 m (Well B),and 100 m (Well C)from the recharge area.When do you expect the dye to appear at each well site?

Accepted Answer

A) Well A = ~7 days,Well B = ~30 days,and Well C = ~4 years 
B) Well A = ~6 seconds,Well B = ~3 seconds,and Well C = ~133 seconds 
C) Well A = ~1.5× 10 -⁶ seconds,Well B = ~3.75× 10 -⁷ seconds,and Well C = ~7.5× 10 -⁹ seconds 
D) Well A = ~7 years,Well B = ~30 years,and Well C = ~4 years 
A) Well A = ~7 days,Well B = ~30 days,and Well C = ~4 years 
B) Well A = ~6 seconds,Well B = ~3 seconds,and Well C = ~133 seconds 
C) Well A = ~1.5× 10 -⁶ seconds,Well B = ~3.75× 10 -⁷ seconds,and Well C = ~7.5× 10 -⁹ seconds 
D) Well A = ~7 years,Well B = ~30 years,and Well C = ~4 years

Question 17

The hydraulic gradient in Darcy's law is essentially the same as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) the slope of a line 
B) the quadratic equation 
C) a Pythagorean triangle 
D) the area of a triangle 
A) the slope of a line 
B) the quadratic equation 
C) a Pythagorean triangle 
D) the area of a triangle

Question 18

The water table surface mimics the topography in an area because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hydraulic head forces it to stay close to the surface 
B) the permeability is lowest in hilly areas 
C) groundwater cannot penetrate below aquitards 
D) groundwater flow rates are so low 
A) hydraulic head forces it to stay close to the surface 
B) the permeability is lowest in hilly areas 
C) groundwater cannot penetrate below aquitards 
D) groundwater flow rates are so low

Question 19

List and describe one possible effect from overpumping.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary;however,possible topic

Question 20

Label the three zones that water moves through as it percolates into Earth on the image below.Also include where the water table is by marking it with an arrow.

Accepted Answer

Students should label the unsa

Exam 16: A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Hot springs can be formed by the heating of groundwater by magma or by ________.

Karst terrain forms in areas that are covered in which type of rock?

In many areas with karst terrain,people use sinkholes as places to dump garbage.What effect might this practice have on the groundwater supply?

In order for a well to function properly it must be drilled below the water table and into a(n) ________.

Consult the figure below.What will eventually happen to the Everglades if the people of Miami and Fort Myers do not stop using the water?

Sinkholes are a concern primarily for residents whose dwellings are constructed atop ________.

Land subsidence is likely when ________.

A(n)________ aquifer is more likely to be contaminated than a(n)________ aquifer.

A regular kitchen sponge has ________ porosity but ________ permeability.

Recharge areas for artesian wells and springs are generally in the ________.

The majority of caves are formed by the dissolution of bedrock ________.

If a material is porous,it ________.

Consult the figure below.Where is the hydraulic head the highest and why?

Imagine you are drilling and find water;how would you be able to tell if you have found a perched aquifer?

Groundwater ________.

The hydraulic gradient in Darcy's law is essentially the same as which of the following?

The water table surface mimics the topography in an area because ________.

List and describe one possible effect from overpumping.

Label the three zones that water moves through as it percolates into Earth on the image below.Also include where the water table is by marking it with an arrow.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earth S Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Interlude A: Rock Groups

Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Interlude C: The Rock Cycle

Interlude D: The Earth S Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Interlude E: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Interlude F: An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

A(n) aquifer is more likely to be contaminated than a(n) aquifer.

A regular kitchen sponge has porosity but permeability.