Question 1

Grains become rounded primarily during ________.

Accepted Answer

A) weathering at the outcrop 
B) lithification 
C) transportation 
D) deposition 
A) weathering at the outcrop 
B) lithification 
C) transportation 
D) deposition C

Question 2

Which of the following processes involves the creation of ions in solution?

Accepted Answer

A) deposition 
B) transportation 
C) erosion 
D) weathering 
A) deposition 
B) transportation 
C) erosion 
D) weathering D

Question 3

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is finer grained than breccia 
B) is coarser grained than breccia 
C) possesses more angular grains than breccia 
D) possesses more rounded grains than breccia 
A) is finer grained than breccia 
B) is coarser grained than breccia 
C) possesses more angular grains than breccia 
D) possesses more rounded grains than breccia D

Question 4

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

Accepted Answer

A) gravel 
B) sand 
C) pebbles 
D) clay/mud 
A) gravel 
B) sand 
C) pebbles 
D) clay/mud

Question 5

If water is the transport mechanism of sediment,the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop 
B) average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition 
C) velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom 
D) climate conditions at the time of deposition 
A) geographic extent of the weathering source rock at outcrop 
B) average velocity of the water from the time of erosion until deposition 
C) velocity of the water at the moment the sediment settled to the bottom 
D) climate conditions at the time of deposition

Question 6

Describe the difference between lithification and diagenesis.

Accepted Answer

Lithification is the transformation of l

Question 7

Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks)forms which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic 
A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic

Question 8

Siltstone or mudstone containing marine fossils likely formed in a ________ environment.

Accepted Answer

A) shallow-marine 
B) deep-marine 
C) marine-delta 
D) coastal-beach 
A) shallow-marine 
B) deep-marine 
C) marine-delta 
D) coastal-beach

Question 9

Precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

Accepted Answer

A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic 
A) biochemical 
B) chemical 
C) clastic 
D) organic

Question 10

Glacial till is composed of ________-sized particles.

Accepted Answer

A) mud 
B) sand 
C) boulder 
D) all 
A) mud 
B) sand 
C) boulder 
D) all

Question 11

Beach sediments travel ________ the ocean during a transgression and ________ the ocean during a regression.

Accepted Answer

A) toward;away from 
B) away from;toward 
C) parallel to;perpendicular to 
D) perpendicular to;parallel to 
A) toward;away from 
B) away from;toward 
C) parallel to;perpendicular to 
D) perpendicular to;parallel to

Question 12

Diagenesis refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the development of layering within sedimentary rocks 
B) the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock 
C) physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock 
D) the natural process of separating sediment by grain size 
A) the development of layering within sedimentary rocks 
B) the act of deposition of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock 
C) physical and chemical alterations,including compaction and cementation,that occur as sediment is transformed into rock 
D) the natural process of separating sediment by grain size

Question 13

If a geologist found preserved mud cracks,he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed ________.

Accepted Answer

A) was once covered in wet mud 
B) was once covered by a glacier 
C) has been subjected to a major climate change event 
D) was the site of a mass extinction event 
A) was once covered in wet mud 
B) was once covered by a glacier 
C) has been subjected to a major climate change event 
D) was the site of a mass extinction event

Question 14

The removal of detritus from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A) deposition 
B) erosion 
C) weathering 
D) lithification 
A) deposition 
B) erosion 
C) weathering 
D) lithification

Question 15

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A) deposition 
B) erosion 
C) weathering 
D) lithification 
A) deposition 
B) erosion 
C) weathering 
D) lithification

Question 16

Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition)is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments,fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) be well sorted 
B) include coarse grains,such as cobbles 
C) include fine grains,such as clay 
D) have angular grains 
A) be well sorted 
B) include coarse grains,such as cobbles 
C) include fine grains,such as clay 
D) have angular grains

Question 17

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ________-sized due to the low amounts of energy.

Accepted Answer

A) cobble 
B) gravel 
C) clay 
D) sand 
A) cobble 
B) gravel 
C) clay 
D) sand

Question 18

Which of the following is FALSE about regressions?

Accepted Answer

A) They are not typically well preserved in the sedimentary record. 
B) They can occur when the climate warms and continental ice sheets melt. 
C) They occur when the land is uplifted by tectonic processes. 
D) Coastal environments will migrate seaward. 
A) They are not typically well preserved in the sedimentary record. 
B) They can occur when the climate warms and continental ice sheets melt. 
C) They occur when the land is uplifted by tectonic processes. 
D) Coastal environments will migrate seaward.

Question 19

The image below shows a layer of ________,which is an accumulation of dead plant material.

Accepted Answer

A) limestone 
B) coal 
C) sandstone 
D) chalk 
A) limestone 
B) coal 
C) sandstone 
D) chalk

Question 20

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was most likely deposited as sand by a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) river (far from source) 
B) glacier 
C) river (near source) 
D) alluvial fan 
A) river (far from source) 
B) glacier 
C) river (near source) 
D) alluvial fan

Exam 6: Pages of Earth S Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Grains become rounded primarily during ________.

Which of the following processes involves the creation of ions in solution?

The primary difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate ________.

What type of sediment is typically found in lake bottoms?

If water is the transport mechanism of sediment,the grain size of sedimentary deposits most closely indicates the ________.

Describe the difference between lithification and diagenesis.

Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks)forms which kind of sedimentary rock?

Siltstone or mudstone containing marine fossils likely formed in a ________ environment.

Precipitation of gypsum due to evaporation of seawater produces which kind of sedimentary rock?

Glacial till is composed of ________-sized particles.

Beach sediments travel ________ the ocean during a transgression and ________ the ocean during a regression.

Diagenesis refers to ________.

If a geologist found preserved mud cracks,he or she could conclude that the environment in which they formed ________.

The removal of detritus from weathered rock at an outcrop is termed ________.

The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed ________.

Because the velocity of sediment settling (deposition)is positively related to grain size for waterborne sediments,fluvial deposits are more likely than glacial deposits to ________.

Thick accumulations of sediments and fossils in the deep ocean tend to be ________-sized due to the low amounts of energy.

Which of the following is FALSE about regressions?

The image below shows a layer of ________,which is an accumulation of dead plant material.

A well-sorted sandstone with asymmetric ripples was most likely deposited as sand by a(n)________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Metamorphism: A Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Interlude A: Rock Groups

Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Interlude C: The Rock Cycle

Interlude D: The Earth S Interior Revisited: Insights From Geophysics

Interlude E: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Interlude F: An Introduction to Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

Beach sediments travel the ocean during a transgression and the ocean during a regression.