Question 1

Which of the following best represents an adaptation to increase surface-to-volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) the long bones of a giraffe 
B) the smooth skin of an earthworm 
C) the multilobed sacs in the lungs 
D) the striations of skeletal muscle 
A) the long bones of a giraffe 
B) the smooth skin of an earthworm 
C) the multilobed sacs in the lungs 
D) the striations of skeletal muscle

Question 2

The laryngeal nerve is 15 feet long in giraffes because

Accepted Answer

A) the giraffe's throat is located far away from its brain. 
B) this nerve connects to the spinal cord. 
C) the nerve is modified from an ancestor that did not have a neck. 
D) the laryngeal nerve is a vestigial organ. 
A) the giraffe's throat is located far away from its brain. 
B) this nerve connects to the spinal cord. 
C) the nerve is modified from an ancestor that did not have a neck. 
D) the laryngeal nerve is a vestigial organ.

Question 3

Structure in the living world is organized into hierarchical levels. Which of the following correctly lists these from least inclusive to most inclusive?

Accepted Answer

A) neuron, phospholipid, brain, nervous system, nerve tissue, human 
B) phospholipid, neuron, nerve tissue, brain, nervous system, human 
C) phospholipid, neuron, brain, nervous system, nerve tissue, human 
D) neuron, phospholipid, nerve tissue, nervous system, human 
A) neuron, phospholipid, brain, nervous system, nerve tissue, human 
B) phospholipid, neuron, nerve tissue, brain, nervous system, human 
C) phospholipid, neuron, brain, nervous system, nerve tissue, human 
D) neuron, phospholipid, nerve tissue, nervous system, human

Question 4

The liquid part of the blood that consists of water, salts, and dissolved proteins is known as

Accepted Answer

A) interstitial fluid. 
B) lymph. 
C) plasma. 
D) platelets. 
A) interstitial fluid. 
B) lymph. 
C) plasma. 
D) platelets.

Question 5

Suppose that you have scratched a mosquito bite and, in the process, damaged some of your stratified squamous epithelial cells. What will happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The damaged cells will heal themselves. 
B) The cells near the base of the epithelium will rapidly replicate to replace the damaged cells. 
C) Vitamin D synthesis will begin, thus encouraging cell replacement. 
D) The function of the skin will be totally lost. 
A) The damaged cells will heal themselves. 
B) The cells near the base of the epithelium will rapidly replicate to replace the damaged cells. 
C) Vitamin D synthesis will begin, thus encouraging cell replacement. 
D) The function of the skin will be totally lost.

Question 6

The human spine acts like a weight-bearing column. Compare this to the spine of a horse, which acts like an elastic suspension bridge. Which organism would you predict to experience more back pain and why?

Accepted Answer

A) the horse, because its spine is less evolutionarily advanced 
B) the horse, because its spine supports more organ systems than human spines 
C) the human, because in order to walk upright, the spine is compressed 
D) the human, because of longer neurons 
A) the horse, because its spine is less evolutionarily advanced 
B) the horse, because its spine supports more organ systems than human spines 
C) the human, because in order to walk upright, the spine is compressed 
D) the human, because of longer neurons

Question 7

The main function of muscle tissue is

Accepted Answer

A) sensation. 
B) support. 
C) contraction. 
D) covering surfaces. 
A) sensation. 
B) support. 
C) contraction. 
D) covering surfaces.

Question 8

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides. If this individual is able to adjust the salt concentration of its body fluids, its salt concentration will have

Accepted Answer

A) slight fluctuations that are kept within a narrow range. 
B) regular variations that range from large to small. 
C) a cyclic variation opposite that of the surrounding water. 
D) a cyclic variation depending upon when the animal drinks. 
A) slight fluctuations that are kept within a narrow range. 
B) regular variations that range from large to small. 
C) a cyclic variation opposite that of the surrounding water. 
D) a cyclic variation depending upon when the animal drinks.

Question 9

Which organ system removes nitrogen-containing waste products from blood?

Accepted Answer

A) lymphatic system 
B) integumentary system 
C) muscular system 
D) urinary system 
A) lymphatic system 
B) integumentary system 
C) muscular system 
D) urinary system

Question 10

Which of the following is a part of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A) bone marrow 
B) liver 
C) pancreas 
D) lungs 
A) bone marrow 
B) liver 
C) pancreas 
D) lungs

Question 11

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) plasma 
B) adipose tissue 
C) epithelial tissue 
D) muscle tissue 
A) plasma 
B) adipose tissue 
C) epithelial tissue 
D) muscle tissue

Question 12

What kind of connective tissue has an extracellular liquid matrix called plasma?

Accepted Answer

A) nerve tissue 
B) loose connective tissue 
C) adipose tissue 
D) blood 
A) nerve tissue 
B) loose connective tissue 
C) adipose tissue 
D) blood

Question 13

Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?

Accepted Answer

A) nervous 
B) epithelial 
C) connective 
D) muscle 
A) nervous 
B) epithelial 
C) connective 
D) muscle

Question 14

You are looking at a sample of epithelial tissue under a microscope. What would you look for to determine the type of epithelium you are viewing?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of cell layers 
B) the shape of the cells 
C) the color of the cells 
D) the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells 
A) the number of cell layers 
B) the shape of the cells 
C) the color of the cells 
D) the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells

Question 15

Facelifts are a type of cosmetic surgery that are meant to tighten the skin. In addition to the skin, what else would you predict is also involved in this type of surgery?

Accepted Answer

A) loose connective tissue 
B) smooth muscle 
C) bone 
D) simple cuboidal epithelium 
A) loose connective tissue 
B) smooth muscle 
C) bone 
D) simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 16

An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissue composing it and performs functions that the tissues cannot perform alone. This is an example of the principle of

Accepted Answer

A) structural adaptations. 
B) cellular regulation. 
C) emergent properties. 
D) biotechnology. 
A) structural adaptations. 
B) cellular regulation. 
C) emergent properties. 
D) biotechnology.

Question 17

The respiratory system includes all of the following structures except the

Accepted Answer

A) esophagus. 
B) trachea. 
C) larynx. 
D) lung. 
A) esophagus. 
B) trachea. 
C) larynx. 
D) lung.

Question 18

Which of the following forms of homeostasis would not be affected by a severe burn involving both the epidermis and dermis?

Accepted Answer

A) control of water loss by the integumentary system 
B) protection from microbes by the integumentary system 
C) defense against microbes by the immune system 
D) sensation of external temperature 
A) control of water loss by the integumentary system 
B) protection from microbes by the integumentary system 
C) defense against microbes by the immune system 
D) sensation of external temperature

Question 19

A physiologist is a biologist who studies

Accepted Answer

A) the structure of body parts. 
B) the evolution of animals. 
C) the physics of living things. 
D) the function of body parts. 
A) the structure of body parts. 
B) the evolution of animals. 
C) the physics of living things. 
D) the function of body parts.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about organs is false?

Accepted Answer

A) An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissues composing it. 
B) An organ consists of several tissues. 
C) An organ can only carry out the functions of its component tissues. 
D) An organ consists of many cells. 
A) An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissues composing it. 
B) An organ consists of several tissues. 
C) An organ can only carry out the functions of its component tissues. 
D) An organ consists of many cells.

Exam 20: Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Which of the following best represents an adaptation to increase surface-to-volume ratio?

The laryngeal nerve is 15 feet long in giraffes because

Structure in the living world is organized into hierarchical levels. Which of the following correctly lists these from least inclusive to most inclusive?

The liquid part of the blood that consists of water, salts, and dissolved proteins is known as

Suppose that you have scratched a mosquito bite and, in the process, damaged some of your stratified squamous epithelial cells. What will happen?

The human spine acts like a weight-bearing column. Compare this to the spine of a horse, which acts like an elastic suspension bridge. Which organism would you predict to experience more back pain and why?

The main function of muscle tissue is

Imagine an invertebrate that lives in an estuary where salinity varies cyclically with the tides. If this individual is able to adjust the salt concentration of its body fluids, its salt concentration will have

Which organ system removes nitrogen-containing waste products from blood?

Which of the following is a part of the immune system?

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

What kind of connective tissue has an extracellular liquid matrix called plasma?

Which type of tissue forms a communication and coordination system within the body?

You are looking at a sample of epithelial tissue under a microscope. What would you look for to determine the type of epithelium you are viewing?

Facelifts are a type of cosmetic surgery that are meant to tighten the skin. In addition to the skin, what else would you predict is also involved in this type of surgery?

An organ represents a higher level of structure than the tissue composing it and performs functions that the tissues cannot perform alone. This is an example of the principle of

The respiratory system includes all of the following structures except the

Which of the following forms of homeostasis would not be affected by a severe burn involving both the epidermis and dermis?

A physiologist is a biologist who studies

Which of the following statements about organs is false?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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