Question 1

The symmetry of echinoderms generally includes

Accepted Answer

A) radially symmetrical larvae and adults. 
B) bilaterally symmetrical larvae and adults. 
C) bilaterally symmetrical larvae and radially symmetrical adults. 
D) radially symmetrical larvae and bilaterally symmetrical adults. 
A) radially symmetrical larvae and adults. 
B) bilaterally symmetrical larvae and adults. 
C) bilaterally symmetrical larvae and radially symmetrical adults. 
D) radially symmetrical larvae and bilaterally symmetrical adults.

Question 2

Which of the following exhibits bilateral symmetry?

Accepted Answer

A) a butterfly 
B) a sponge 
C) a sea anemone 
D) a pair of hands 
A) a butterfly 
B) a sponge 
C) a sea anemone 
D) a pair of hands

Question 3

Most of the animals alive today

Accepted Answer

A) are vertebrates. 
B) are invertebrates. 
C) are choanoflagellates. 
D) are really colonies of protist cells. 
A) are vertebrates. 
B) are invertebrates. 
C) are choanoflagellates. 
D) are really colonies of protist cells.

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Cnidarians have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while flatworms have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
B) Nematodes have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while chordates have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
C) Molluscs have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
D) Sponges have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
A) Cnidarians have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while flatworms have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
B) Nematodes have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while chordates have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
C) Molluscs have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity. 
D) Sponges have no true tissues and are filter feeders, while cnidarians have true tissues and a gastrovascular cavity.

Question 5

While walking in your basement, you hear a crunching noise and notice that you have stepped on an organism. You look closely and see part of a segmented body and a few jointed appendages. What phylum does this animal represent?

Accepted Answer

A) Echinodermata 
B) Annelida 
C) Arthropoda 
D) Chordata 
A) Echinodermata 
B) Annelida 
C) Arthropoda 
D) Chordata

Question 6

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of molluscs?

Accepted Answer

A) a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening 
B) a sessile lifestyle 
C) an internal skeleton and segmented body plan 
D) a rasping organ called the radula 
A) a gastrovascular cavity with only one opening 
B) a sessile lifestyle 
C) an internal skeleton and segmented body plan 
D) a rasping organ called the radula

Question 7

Which of the following correctly lists organisms from least complex in overall development to most complex?

Accepted Answer

A) hydras, sponges, lobsters, clams, tunicates 
B) sponges, hydras, clams, lobsters, tunicates 
C) sponges, clams, lobsters, tunicates, hydras 
D) clams, sponges, hydras, tunicates, lobsters 
A) hydras, sponges, lobsters, clams, tunicates 
B) sponges, hydras, clams, lobsters, tunicates 
C) sponges, clams, lobsters, tunicates, hydras 
D) clams, sponges, hydras, tunicates, lobsters

Question 8

Traditional animal phylogenetic trees and the most recent molecular phylogenetic trees have many similarities. Which is a feature of the recent trees that was not present in the traditional phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

A) the placement of Echinodermata and Chordata together in a clade of deuterostomes 
B) the status of sponges as the first group to diverge from the other animals 
C) the grouping of nematodes and arthropods into a clade called the Ecdysozoa 
D) the grouping of all bilaterally symmetric animals within a single clade 
A) the placement of Echinodermata and Chordata together in a clade of deuterostomes 
B) the status of sponges as the first group to diverge from the other animals 
C) the grouping of nematodes and arthropods into a clade called the Ecdysozoa 
D) the grouping of all bilaterally symmetric animals within a single clade

Question 9

Organisms with true radial symmetry

Accepted Answer

A) have their sense organs, mouth, and brain clustered in the head. 
B) tend to be highly mobile. 
C) do not have a distinct head region and tend to be sedentary or passive drifters. 
D) can be divided into two matching halves along only one plane. 
A) have their sense organs, mouth, and brain clustered in the head. 
B) tend to be highly mobile. 
C) do not have a distinct head region and tend to be sedentary or passive drifters. 
D) can be divided into two matching halves along only one plane.

Question 10

During the Cambrian explosion approximately 535 to 525 million years ago,

Accepted Answer

A) all modern species of animals suddenly appeared. 
B) animals rapidly diversified in the oceans. 
C) a massive volcanic eruption nearly wiped out life on Earth. 
D) great forests produced peat layers that were later transformed into coal. 
A) all modern species of animals suddenly appeared. 
B) animals rapidly diversified in the oceans. 
C) a massive volcanic eruption nearly wiped out life on Earth. 
D) great forests produced peat layers that were later transformed into coal.

Question 11

All animals

Accepted Answer

A) are prokaryotic. 
B) are heterotrophic. 
C) have cell walls made of chitin. 
D) obtain food by absorption. 
A) are prokaryotic. 
B) are heterotrophic. 
C) have cell walls made of chitin. 
D) obtain food by absorption.

Question 12

Which of the following is considered a likely explanation for the events of the Cambrian explosion?

Accepted Answer

A) Complex predator-prey relationships and increased atmospheric oxygen levels promoted animal diversification. 
B) A great surge of volcanic activity was triggered by significant movements of the continental plates and possibly by an asteroid impact. 
C) Solar flares led to increased UV radiation intensity, which in turn promoted a high rate of mutation. This led to rapid diversification of animals. 
D) The massive growth of swamp vegetation depleted the atmosphere's carbon dioxide and eventually cooled the Earth's climate. 
A) Complex predator-prey relationships and increased atmospheric oxygen levels promoted animal diversification. 
B) A great surge of volcanic activity was triggered by significant movements of the continental plates and possibly by an asteroid impact. 
C) Solar flares led to increased UV radiation intensity, which in turn promoted a high rate of mutation. This led to rapid diversification of animals. 
D) The massive growth of swamp vegetation depleted the atmosphere's carbon dioxide and eventually cooled the Earth's climate.

Question 13

The insect body plan includes many groups of serially repeated units. For example, there are typically three pairs of legs, one on each of the three segments of the thorax. Which of the following options best describes how these pairs of legs develop and evolve?

Accepted Answer

A) A single gene controls the development of all six legs. Thus within a species, all three pairs of legs are identical. 
B) The leg pairs all influence each other during development. Gene products move by diffusion from one segment to the other. Therefore, it is impossible to alter the development and form of one pair of legs without causing similar changes in the other two pairs of legs. 
C) The body parts develop in a modular fashion. Therefore, a genetic change could alter the development of one pair of limbs without noticeably changing the rest of the insect's body plan. 
D) The leg pairs grow under the control of an ancient set of highly conserved genes. Therefore, all insects have more or less identical legs. Other parts of the insect body plan can evolve somewhat more freely. 
A) A single gene controls the development of all six legs. Thus within a species, all three pairs of legs are identical. 
B) The leg pairs all influence each other during development. Gene products move by diffusion from one segment to the other. Therefore, it is impossible to alter the development and form of one pair of legs without causing similar changes in the other two pairs of legs. 
C) The body parts develop in a modular fashion. Therefore, a genetic change could alter the development of one pair of limbs without noticeably changing the rest of the insect's body plan. 
D) The leg pairs grow under the control of an ancient set of highly conserved genes. Therefore, all insects have more or less identical legs. Other parts of the insect body plan can evolve somewhat more freely.

Question 14

Which of the following is an invertebrate chordate?

Accepted Answer

A) lancelets 
B) snakes 
C) sharks 
D) sea urchins 
A) lancelets 
B) snakes 
C) sharks 
D) sea urchins

Question 15

You inflate a balloon and let it go. It shoots away as air exits forcefully through the balloon's narrow opening. This most closely resembles the mode of movement seen in

Accepted Answer

A) sea anemones. 
B) snails. 
C) squid. 
D) nematodes. 
A) sea anemones. 
B) snails. 
C) squid. 
D) nematodes.

Question 16

To be characterized as a chordate, an organism must

Accepted Answer

A) display all four key characteristics of Chordata in both the larval and adult stages. 
B) possess a backbone in at least one life stage. 
C) possess a backbone in both the larval and adult stages. 
D) display each of the four key characteristics of the chordates at some point in the life cycle. 
A) display all four key characteristics of Chordata in both the larval and adult stages. 
B) possess a backbone in at least one life stage. 
C) possess a backbone in both the larval and adult stages. 
D) display each of the four key characteristics of the chordates at some point in the life cycle.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about tunicates indicates that these animals are chordates?

Accepted Answer

A) Larvae show segmentation, radial symmetry, and a pseudocoelom. 
B) Larvae have a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a post-anal tail, pharyngeal slits, and a notochord. 
C) Larvae and adults both have a true coelom. 
D) Tunicates have tube feet and a water vascular system. 
A) Larvae show segmentation, radial symmetry, and a pseudocoelom. 
B) Larvae have a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a post-anal tail, pharyngeal slits, and a notochord. 
C) Larvae and adults both have a true coelom. 
D) Tunicates have tube feet and a water vascular system.

Question 18

Which mollusc group includes primarily sedentary animals that use mucus-coated gills to trap fine food particles?

Accepted Answer

A) cephalopods 
B) gastropods 
C) chitons 
D) bivalves 
A) cephalopods 
B) gastropods 
C) chitons 
D) bivalves

Question 19

The locomotive behavior of earthworms is enabled by contraction of their longitudinal and circular muscles; this is seen through their typical burrowing behavior. Nematodes, however, contract their longitudinal muscles against the pressure of fluid in their bodies to produce a whiplike motion that enables them to move. Suppose you place an earthworm and a nematode in a watery solution. Which do you think would be able to move more easily, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) the earthworm, because it uses two sets of muscles to help it move through the watery solution 
B) the nematode, because its whiplike motion will easily propel it through the watery solution 
C) the earthworm, because it can contract and expand its muscles to burrow down through the watery solution 
D) the nematode, because it can move its paddle-like appendages on its segments to help it move through the watery solution 
A) the earthworm, because it uses two sets of muscles to help it move through the watery solution 
B) the nematode, because its whiplike motion will easily propel it through the watery solution 
C) the earthworm, because it can contract and expand its muscles to burrow down through the watery solution 
D) the nematode, because it can move its paddle-like appendages on its segments to help it move through the watery solution

Question 20

Use the figure below to answer the questions that follow.
.
  
-Which phyla of animals are most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A) Chordates and Nematodes 
B) Flatworms and Molluscs 
C) Sponges and Chordates 
D) Arthropods and Annelids 
A) Chordates and Nematodes 
B) Flatworms and Molluscs 
C) Sponges and Chordates 
D) Arthropods and Annelids

Exam 18: The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The symmetry of echinoderms generally includes

Which of the following exhibits bilateral symmetry?

Most of the animals alive today

Which of the following statements is true?

While walking in your basement, you hear a crunching noise and notice that you have stepped on an organism. You look closely and see part of a segmented body and a few jointed appendages. What phylum does this animal represent?

Which of the following is a typical characteristic of molluscs?

Which of the following correctly lists organisms from least complex in overall development to most complex?

Traditional animal phylogenetic trees and the most recent molecular phylogenetic trees have many similarities. Which is a feature of the recent trees that was not present in the traditional phylogeny?

Organisms with true radial symmetry

During the Cambrian explosion approximately 535 to 525 million years ago,

All animals

Which of the following is considered a likely explanation for the events of the Cambrian explosion?

The insect body plan includes many groups of serially repeated units. For example, there are typically three pairs of legs, one on each of the three segments of the thorax. Which of the following options best describes how these pairs of legs develop and evolve?

Which of the following is an invertebrate chordate?

You inflate a balloon and let it go. It shoots away as air exits forcefully through the balloon's narrow opening. This most closely resembles the mode of movement seen in

To be characterized as a chordate, an organism must

Which of the following statements about tunicates indicates that these animals are chordates?

Which mollusc group includes primarily sedentary animals that use mucus-coated gills to trap fine food particles?

Use the figure below to answer the questions that follow. . -Which phyla of animals are most closely related?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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