Exam 8: The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

If a chromosome fragment breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called a(n)

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg, is called

Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics are

Which of the following must occur for a plant or animal to grow and develop normally?

According to the graph, at what maternal age is the incidence of Down syndrome equal to five times the incidence at age 40?

Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by

Which of the following statements regarding the function of mitosis is false?

Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false?

Which of the following statements regarding sexual and asexual reproduction is true?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. A technique called flow cytometry is used by scientists and researchers to count or sort cells based on specific properties. By labeling cellular DNA with a fluorescent dye, flow cytometry can sort cells based on the amount of DNA present, thereby making it possible to distinguish between cells that are in different stages of the cell cycle. Flow cytometry is especially useful to the medical community because it can help with the diagnosis of certain types of cancers. Below is a typical set of data that you might obtain when running a flow cytometry experiment using a sample of healthy skin cells. Use this figure to help you answer the following questions. -In this sample of cells, what stage of the cell cycle are most of the cells in?

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have three sons in elementary school. Two of their children are progressing normally, but their youngest son, Charles, has been much slower than his siblings in developing speech and language skills. His parents are concerned that he has a learning disability and decide to investigate further. Since some learning disabilities can be genetically based, their pediatrician recommends a chromosomal analysis. The results show that Charles has a trisomy of the sex chromosomes, diagnosed as XYY, which is caused by nondisjunction in the formation of the father's sperm. The nondisjunction resulted in an extra copy of the Y chromosome. The extra copy was passed on to Charles during fertilization. Most often, this chromosomal change causes no unusual physical features or medical problems, but those with trisomy of the sex chromosomes do have a higher than normal risk of delays in learning development. -During which stage of meiosis could this nondisjunction have occurred?

Karyotyping

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8! You realize that this cell is

The phase of mitosis during which the mitotic spindle begins to form is

Which of the following occurs during interphase?

Which of the following statements regarding genetic diversity is false?

As a patch of scraped skin heals, the cells fill in the injured area but do not grow beyond that. This is an example of

Asexual reproduction requires ________ individual(s), whereas sexual reproduction requires _______ individual(s).

Without crossing over,

A skin cell of a red fox has 34 chromosomes. You look at the cell under a microscope and see that it has 34 chromosomes and one nucleus. Several hours later, you look at the same cell again and see that it has double the amount of DNA and one nucleus. A little while later, you see that it has 68 chromosomes and two nuclei. What stage of the cell cycle was this cell in when you viewed it at each time point?