Question 1

Why must water that has moved to the interstitial fluid in the medulla be quickly removed from the interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent dilution of urine 
B) to prevent destruction of the concentration gradient necessary for water reabsorption 
C) to equilibrate the concentration of solutes in the cortex and medulla 
D) to maintain an environment for transport of nutrients 
A) to prevent dilution of urine 
B) to prevent destruction of the concentration gradient necessary for water reabsorption 
C) to equilibrate the concentration of solutes in the cortex and medulla 
D) to maintain an environment for transport of nutrients

Question 2

To enhance heat loss, humans sweat; this is an adaptation known as

Accepted Answer

A) insulation. 
B) evaporative cooling. 
C) irradiation. 
D) conduction. 
A) insulation. 
B) evaporative cooling. 
C) irradiation. 
D) conduction.

Question 3

Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by

Accepted Answer

A) capillary action. 
B) refinement. 
C) secretion. 
D) osmosis. 
A) capillary action. 
B) refinement. 
C) secretion. 
D) osmosis.

Question 4

The mechanism for excreting nitrogenous waste in aquatic animals was ineffective on land because

Accepted Answer

A) land animals concurrently developed a more efficient reproduction system. 
B) land animals found better food sources. 
C) land animals had a more difficult time with water balance than aquatic species since water was not always available on land. 
D) aquatic animals did not have as much protein in their diets as did land animals. 
A) land animals concurrently developed a more efficient reproduction system. 
B) land animals found better food sources. 
C) land animals had a more difficult time with water balance than aquatic species since water was not always available on land. 
D) aquatic animals did not have as much protein in their diets as did land animals.

Question 5

Where along the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) distal tubule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) proximal tubule 
D) Bowman's capsule 
A) distal tubule 
B) loop of Henle 
C) proximal tubule 
D) Bowman's capsule

Question 6

During production of urine, a major function of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A) water conservation. 
B) amino acid production. 
C) detoxification. 
D) uric acid production. 
A) water conservation. 
B) amino acid production. 
C) detoxification. 
D) uric acid production.

Question 7

What do you predict that group 3 demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A) higher mass lost from its initial conditions than group 2 
B) the same mass lost from its initial conditions as group 1 
C) no mass lost from its initial conditions 
D) the highest mass loss of all groups 
A) higher mass lost from its initial conditions than group 2 
B) the same mass lost from its initial conditions as group 1 
C) no mass lost from its initial conditions 
D) the highest mass loss of all groups

Question 8

The hypothesis that scientists who collected these data were most likely testing is that

Accepted Answer

A) the permeability of collecting changes over time. 
B) collecting tubules have aquaporins. 
C) permeability change is linked to the number of aquaporins. 
D) aquaporins allow water into kidney tubules. 
A) the permeability of collecting changes over time. 
B) collecting tubules have aquaporins. 
C) permeability change is linked to the number of aquaporins. 
D) aquaporins allow water into kidney tubules.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding saltwater fish is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is much lower than that in the surrounding water. 
B) The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is higher than that in the surrounding environment. 
C) Saltwater fish produce large amounts of diluted urine. 
D) Saltwater fish must visit freshwater streams and rivers entering the ocean to maintain the correct concentration of solutes in their internal fluids. 
A) The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is much lower than that in the surrounding water. 
B) The concentration of solutes in the internal fluids of saltwater fish is higher than that in the surrounding environment. 
C) Saltwater fish produce large amounts of diluted urine. 
D) Saltwater fish must visit freshwater streams and rivers entering the ocean to maintain the correct concentration of solutes in their internal fluids.

Question 10

The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as

Accepted Answer

A) reabsorption. 
B) excretion. 
C) collection. 
D) purification. 
A) reabsorption. 
B) excretion. 
C) collection. 
D) purification.

Question 11

Birds, like other animals, must eliminate ammonia or urea. They do so by converting it to

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids. 
B) ammonium ions. 
C) sodium chloride. 
D) uric acid. 
A) amino acids. 
B) ammonium ions. 
C) sodium chloride. 
D) uric acid.

Question 12

Which of the following processes involves heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) irradiation 
B) convection 
C) induction 
D) evaporation 
A) irradiation 
B) convection 
C) induction 
D) evaporation

Question 13

What is the function of urea reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) It restores the correct concentration of blood urea. 
B) It increases the osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla so that more water can be extracted from the urine. 
C) It reduces the salinity of the renal medulla and thus helps regulate how much water is reabsorbed from the urine. 
D) It moves the urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle so that it can be excreted from there in the urine. 
A) It restores the correct concentration of blood urea. 
B) It increases the osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid in the renal medulla so that more water can be extracted from the urine. 
C) It reduces the salinity of the renal medulla and thus helps regulate how much water is reabsorbed from the urine. 
D) It moves the urea into the ascending limb of the loop of Henle so that it can be excreted from there in the urine.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about uric acid is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Animals that excrete uric acid avoid the problem of water loss associated with excretion of urea. 
B) Uric acid is more soluble in water than urea. 
C) The darker material in bird droppings is mostly uric acid. 
D) Uric acid cannot be excreted because of its toxicity. 
A) Animals that excrete uric acid avoid the problem of water loss associated with excretion of urea. 
B) Uric acid is more soluble in water than urea. 
C) The darker material in bird droppings is mostly uric acid. 
D) Uric acid cannot be excreted because of its toxicity.

Question 15

Which of the following physiological responses occurs in the human body when it becomes overheated?

Accepted Answer

A) slowing of the heart rate 
B) constriction of blood vessels in the skin 
C) increased blood flow to the skin 
D) retention of water 
A) slowing of the heart rate 
B) constriction of blood vessels in the skin 
C) increased blood flow to the skin 
D) retention of water

Question 16

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A) renal unit 
B) Bowman's capsule 
C) nephron 
D) glomerulus 
A) renal unit 
B) Bowman's capsule 
C) nephron 
D) glomerulus

Question 17

This study is considering the salamander clutches' ability to maintain the process of

Accepted Answer

A) osmoregulation. 
B) thermoregulation. 
C) concurrent heat exchange. 
D) diffusion. 
A) osmoregulation. 
B) thermoregulation. 
C) concurrent heat exchange. 
D) diffusion.

Question 18

The text describes how emperor penguins use a huddling behavior to conduct heat efficiently. Similarly, honeybees conduct heat within their hives by huddling together and then changing positions from the center of the huddle to the edges in order to keep heat circulating. When it is warm, however, the bees transport water into their hives and then beat their wings in order to make ________ cooling possible.

Accepted Answer

A) conductive and convective 
B) isotonic and convective 
C) evaporative and convective 
D) evaporative and conductive 
A) conductive and convective 
B) isotonic and convective 
C) evaporative and convective 
D) evaporative and conductive

Question 19

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) to increase urination 
B) to increase water reabsorption 
C) to stimulate sodium reabsorption 
D) to counter the effects of alcohol consumption 
A) to increase urination 
B) to increase water reabsorption 
C) to stimulate sodium reabsorption 
D) to counter the effects of alcohol consumption

Question 20

Which arrow in this figure shows heat transfer by conduction?

Accepted Answer

A) arrow A 
B) arrow B 
C) arrow C 
D) arrow D 
A) arrow A 
B) arrow B 
C) arrow C 
D) arrow D

Exam 25: Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Why must water that has moved to the interstitial fluid in the medulla be quickly removed from the interstitial fluid?

To enhance heat loss, humans sweat; this is an adaptation known as

Water moves out of filtrate in the nephron tubule into the interstitial fluid by

The mechanism for excreting nitrogenous waste in aquatic animals was ineffective on land because

Where along the nephron is glucose reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood?

During production of urine, a major function of the kidney is

What do you predict that group 3 demonstrated?

The hypothesis that scientists who collected these data were most likely testing is that

Which of the following statements regarding saltwater fish is true?

The overall process that refines the filtrate and ultimately returns water and valuable solutes to the blood is known as

Birds, like other animals, must eliminate ammonia or urea. They do so by converting it to

Which of the following processes involves heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

What is the function of urea reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

Which of the following statements about uric acid is true?

Which of the following physiological responses occurs in the human body when it becomes overheated?

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

This study is considering the salamander clutches' ability to maintain the process of

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Which arrow in this figure shows heat transfer by conduction?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

the Immune System

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

the Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

the Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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