Question 1

ACh receptor subtypes include:

Accepted Answer

A) Adrenergic and noradrenergic 
B) Nicotinic and muscarinic 
C) Alpha and beta 
D) Alpha and gamma 
E) None of the above 
A) Adrenergic and noradrenergic 
B) Nicotinic and muscarinic 
C) Alpha and beta 
D) Alpha and gamma 
E) None of the above B

Question 2

Which one of the following is used to treat myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A) Medications that inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine 
B) Medications that activate the immune system 
C) Removal of the pancreas,which contributes to receptor damage 
D) Frequent blood transfusions to prevent anemia 
E) All of the above 
A) Medications that inhibit the breakdown of acetylcholine 
B) Medications that activate the immune system 
C) Removal of the pancreas,which contributes to receptor damage 
D) Frequent blood transfusions to prevent anemia 
E) All of the above A

Question 3

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptors:

Accepted Answer

A) Are involved in long-term potentiation. 
B) Bind glutamate. 
C) Have been implicated in pathologic changes in the nervous system. 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above 
A) Are involved in long-term potentiation. 
B) Bind glutamate. 
C) Have been implicated in pathologic changes in the nervous system. 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above D

Question 4

Which one of the following can serve as the postsynaptic cell of a synapse?

Accepted Answer

A) Smooth muscle cell in an artery 
B) Hepatocyte in the liver 
C) Neuron in the thalamus 
D) Muscle cell in the triceps 
E) All of the above 
A) Smooth muscle cell in an artery 
B) Hepatocyte in the liver 
C) Neuron in the thalamus 
D) Muscle cell in the triceps 
E) All of the above

Question 5

How does onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX)therapeutically produce paresis in overactive muscles?

Accepted Answer

A) Acts as an antagonist by binding to the ACh receptor on the postsynaptic membrane. 
B) Rapidly degrades ACh in the synaptic cleft. 
C) Facilitates the reuptake and sequestration of ACh into the presynaptic cell. 
D) Disrupts the protein structure of the muscle cell receptor,thus preventing ACh from binding. 
E) Inhibits the release of ACh from the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction. 
A) Acts as an antagonist by binding to the ACh receptor on the postsynaptic membrane. 
B) Rapidly degrades ACh in the synaptic cleft. 
C) Facilitates the reuptake and sequestration of ACh into the presynaptic cell. 
D) Disrupts the protein structure of the muscle cell receptor,thus preventing ACh from binding. 
E) Inhibits the release of ACh from the presynaptic terminal at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 6

Second messengers may initiate the:

Accepted Answer

A) Opening of membrane ion channels 
B) Activation of genes,causing increased synthesis of specific cellular products 
C) Modulation of Ca⁺² levels inside the cell 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above 
A) Opening of membrane ion channels 
B) Activation of genes,causing increased synthesis of specific cellular products 
C) Modulation of Ca⁺² levels inside the cell 
D) A,B,and C 
E) None of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is a type of synaptic connection between neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) Axosomatic 
B) Axoaxonic 
C) Axodendritic 
D) All of the above 
A) Axosomatic 
B) Axoaxonic 
C) Axodendritic 
D) All of the above

Question 8

An antagonist drug acts by:

Accepted Answer

A) Preventing the release of a neurotransmitter. 
B) Binding to a receptor to facilitate the effect of a neurotransmitter. 
C) Elevating neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft. 
D) Increasing the number of active receptors on a cell membrane. 
A) Preventing the release of a neurotransmitter. 
B) Binding to a receptor to facilitate the effect of a neurotransmitter. 
C) Elevating neurotransmitter levels in the synaptic cleft. 
D) Increasing the number of active receptors on a cell membrane.

Question 9

Which of the following neurotransmitters is paired with its correct description?

Accepted Answer

A) Glutamate;excitatory transmitter,is important in learning and development. 
B) Dopamine;inhibitory transmitter,increases attention to sensory information. 
C) GABA;excitatory transmitter,modulates neural activity in the CNS. 
D) Acetylcholine;excitatory transmitter,affects mood,arousal,and pain perception. 
E) Both A and C 
A) Glutamate;excitatory transmitter,is important in learning and development. 
B) Dopamine;inhibitory transmitter,increases attention to sensory information. 
C) GABA;excitatory transmitter,modulates neural activity in the CNS. 
D) Acetylcholine;excitatory transmitter,affects mood,arousal,and pain perception. 
E) Both A and C

Question 10

Which of the following neurotransmitters and modulators are implicated in pain perception?

Accepted Answer

A) Opioid peptides 
B) Substance P 
C) Dopamine 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above 
A) Opioid peptides 
B) Substance P 
C) Dopamine 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above

Question 11

When an action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal:

Accepted Answer

A) Voltage-gated calcium channels are activated. 
B) Intracellular calcium stores are released. 
C) Synaptic vesicles fuse to the membrane of the soma. 
D) Calcium is actively transported out of the neuron terminal. 
E) A,B,and D 
A) Voltage-gated calcium channels are activated. 
B) Intracellular calcium stores are released. 
C) Synaptic vesicles fuse to the membrane of the soma. 
D) Calcium is actively transported out of the neuron terminal. 
E) A,B,and D

Question 12

The second messenger in a second messenger system is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) G-protein 
B) α chain of the G-protein 
C) Enzyme inside the neuron that can trigger responses within the neuron 
D) Neurotransmitter 
E) Gene 
A) G-protein 
B) α chain of the G-protein 
C) Enzyme inside the neuron that can trigger responses within the neuron 
D) Neurotransmitter 
E) Gene

Question 13

Which one of the following is the first step in the sequence of actions in the G-protein receptor activity cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) α chain activates a target protein. 
B) Neurotransmitter binds with receptor. 
C) Membrane channels open,or intracellular target proteins are activated. 
D) Receptor protein changes shape. 
A) α chain activates a target protein. 
B) Neurotransmitter binds with receptor. 
C) Membrane channels open,or intracellular target proteins are activated. 
D) Receptor protein changes shape.

Question 14

The binding of ACh at the neuromuscular junction results in:

Accepted Answer

A) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential. 
B) Presynaptic facilitation. 
C) Presynaptic inhibition. 
D) An excitatory postsynaptic potential. 
A) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential. 
B) Presynaptic facilitation. 
C) Presynaptic inhibition. 
D) An excitatory postsynaptic potential.

Question 15

Receptor tyrosine kinases:

Accepted Answer

A) Act through second messenger systems. 
B) Are usually activated by neuropeptides or hormones. 
C) Function through phosphorylation of tyrosine. 
D) Both A and C 
E) All of the above 
A) Act through second messenger systems. 
B) Are usually activated by neuropeptides or hormones. 
C) Function through phosphorylation of tyrosine. 
D) Both A and C 
E) All of the above

Question 16

Receptor activity is regulated by:

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing the number of receptors through internalization. 
B) Decreasing the number of available receptors through inactivation. 
C) Increasing the number of active receptors. 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above 
A) Decreasing the number of receptors through internalization. 
B) Decreasing the number of available receptors through inactivation. 
C) Increasing the number of active receptors. 
D) Both A and B 
E) All of the above

Question 17

Myasthenia gravis:

Accepted Answer

A) Is caused by the destruction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A) receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of muscles. 
B) Results in the decreased release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. 
C) Is an autoimmune disease that destroys ACh receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of muscles,thus interferes with ACh binding for repetitive muscle contractions. 
D) Is successfully treated with removal of the pituitary gland. 
E) All of the above 
A) Is caused by the destruction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A) receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of muscles. 
B) Results in the decreased release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction. 
C) Is an autoimmune disease that destroys ACh receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of muscles,thus interferes with ACh binding for repetitive muscle contractions. 
D) Is successfully treated with removal of the pituitary gland. 
E) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Elevated serotonin levels 
B) Reduced dopamine reuptake 
C) Hyperactivity of the norepinephrine system 
D) All of the above 
A) Elevated serotonin levels 
B) Reduced dopamine reuptake 
C) Hyperactivity of the norepinephrine system 
D) All of the above

Question 19

Neurotransmitters that act ________ are classified as ________,whereas neurotransmitters that act ________are classified as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Directly;slow-acting;indirectly;fast-acting 
B) Directly;inhibitory;indirectly;excitatory 
C) Directly;fast-acting;indirectly;slow-acting 
D) Directly;excitatory;indirectly;inhibitory 
A) Directly;slow-acting;indirectly;fast-acting 
B) Directly;inhibitory;indirectly;excitatory 
C) Directly;fast-acting;indirectly;slow-acting 
D) Directly;excitatory;indirectly;inhibitory

Question 20

Substance P is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) Amino acid transmitter. 
B) Amine transmitter. 
C) Peptide transmitter. 
D) Histamine transmitter. 
A) Amino acid transmitter. 
B) Amine transmitter. 
C) Peptide transmitter. 
D) Histamine transmitter.

ACh receptor subtypes include:

Which one of the following is used to treat myasthenia gravis?

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptors:

Which one of the following can serve as the postsynaptic cell of a synapse?

How does onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX)therapeutically produce paresis in overactive muscles?

Second messengers may initiate the:

Which of the following is a type of synaptic connection between neurons?

An antagonist drug acts by:

Which of the following neurotransmitters is paired with its correct description?

Which of the following neurotransmitters and modulators are implicated in pain perception?

When an action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal:

The second messenger in a second messenger system is a(n):

Which one of the following is the first step in the sequence of actions in the G-protein receptor activity cycle?

The binding of ACh at the neuromuscular junction results in:

Receptor tyrosine kinases:

Receptor activity is regulated by:

Myasthenia gravis:

Which of the following is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder?

Neurotransmitters that act are classified as ,whereas neurotransmitters that act are classified as .

Substance P is an example of a(n):

Introduction to Neuroscience

Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System

Neuroplasticity

Development of the Nervous System

Somatosensory System

Somatosensation: Clinical Application

Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes

Autonomic Nervous System

The Motor System: Motor Neurons

Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement

Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Region

Cranial Nerves

Brainstem Region

Vestibular and Visual Systems

Cerebrum

Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Filters

Exam 3: Synapses and Synaptic Transmission

ACh receptor subtypes include:

Which one of the following is used to treat myasthenia gravis?

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)receptors:

Which one of the following can serve as the postsynaptic cell of a synapse?

How does onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX)therapeutically produce paresis in overactive muscles?

Second messengers may initiate the:

Which of the following is a type of synaptic connection between neurons?

An antagonist drug acts by:

Which of the following neurotransmitters is paired with its correct description?

Which of the following neurotransmitters and modulators are implicated in pain perception?

When an action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal:

The second messenger in a second messenger system is a(n):

Which one of the following is the first step in the sequence of actions in the G-protein receptor activity cycle?

The binding of ACh at the neuromuscular junction results in:

Receptor tyrosine kinases:

Receptor activity is regulated by:

Myasthenia gravis:

Which of the following is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder?

Neurotransmitters that act ________ are classified as ________,whereas neurotransmitters that act ________are classified as ________.

Substance P is an example of a(n):

Introduction to Neuroscience

Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the Nervous System

Neuroplasticity

Development of the Nervous System

Somatosensory System

Somatosensation: Clinical Application

Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes

Autonomic Nervous System

The Motor System: Motor Neurons

Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement

Peripheral Nervous System

Spinal Region

Cranial Nerves

Brainstem Region

Vestibular and Visual Systems

Cerebrum

Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Filters

Neurotransmitters that act are classified as ,whereas neurotransmitters that act are classified as .