Exam 4: Human Development

Newborns will automatically turn their heads in the direction of a touch to the cheek.This has been referred to as the ____ reflex:

When a stressor is present, a child who displays ____________________ attachment will act ambivalently, remaining at a parent's side, but resisting the parent's affections.

Items of specialized knowledge, such as the concept that animals or people have a true nature that is fixed at birth, are known as items of ____________________ knowledge.

Define the term "temperament" and describe the four types of infant temperament.

In early infancy, the nervous system continues to develop and mature, and it follows a pattern that is essentially:

Douglas is 2 years old, and he likes to put his own coat and shoes on.However, his mother often becomes impatient waiting for him to get ready and finishes zipping his coat and buckling his shoes for him.Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Douglas will develop:

Some have criticized Kohlberg's theory of moral development as being gender biased.

According to Erikson, the psychosocial crisis of initiative versus guilt occurs:

Whereas Piaget believed that cognitive development occurs in ____________________, most developmental psychologists believe that cognitive development is better viewed as a process of continual change and adaptation.

According to Erikson, during adolescent years teenagers must resolve the psychosocial crisis of:

According to Kohlberg, children in the ____________________ state of moral development base their moral decisions on abstract principles that may even conflict with accepted societal standards.

According to Piaget, children progress through multiple stages of cognitive development, occurring in a fixed order.Which of the following is the last stage of cognitive development?

Most newborn infants would be able to control:

Dieter is an even-tempered baby who always seems to be smiling and gurgling.He seems to have a regular routine, and his parents can always count on him to be sleepy when it is time for his nap.Using the temperament categories outlined by Thomas and Chess, Dieter would most likely be considered to have:

Describe how research studies using a longitudinal design and a cross-sectional design would be conducted differently.

Mark interviews a group of 5-year-olds, a group of 10-year-olds, and a group of 15-year-olds, and asks them what they plan to be when they finish school.Mark is using:

The strong emotional ties that we form with others are called:

A baby believes that any round object is a ball just like the one the parents bounce outside the crib.This represents one of the baby's:

Follow-up research designed to evaluate specific components of Piaget's theory of cognitive development has shown that:

Most contemporary developmental psychologists agree with Piaget that cognitive development involves a series of stages.