Exam 2: The Tools of Psychological Research

In an experiment, the researcher:

While Dr.Bartlett effectively controlled for confounding variables in his experiment, the results do not generalize to the real-world.This means Dr.Bartlett's research has:

Experimenter expectancy effects occur when the researcher:

Researchers studying human memory presented people with two lists of words.One list included the names of objects; the other list contained abstract nouns.The researchers found that people could remember more words from the list with object names.In this study, the number of words recalled by each participant would be:

A group of researchers wanted to investigate allegations of sexual harassment on a company's assembly line.They wanted their observations to be unobtrusive, so they took jobs working on the assembly line and told their fellow employees they were "new hires." In this case the researchers were using:

A group of researchers wanted to determine whether people would help someone in distress more quickly if they were alone.Half the participants were waiting alone in a room when they heard a cry for help, and half the participants were waiting with four other people when they heard a cry for help.The researchers then measured how long it took for help to be offered.In this study, the dependent variable is:

The technique that ensures each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions in the experiment is:

As Behavior X decreases, Behavior Y is expected to decrease.The correlation between the X and Y is positive.

Explain the concept of internal validity.What is the relationship of internal validity to confounding variables?

A hypothesis:

Survey results will be more likely to accurately represent the opinions of the entire population if:

Informed consent involves:

Researchers found a moderate correlation between the length of a customer's driveway and size of the tips the customer gave pizza delivery people.The longer the driveway, the smaller the tip the delivery person received.The correlation coefficient that most likely represents this relationship would be:

Paul summarized the final scores of his baseball team's games for the season, but the results were affected by a few extreme scores.This was because he used the:

In order to better understand the links between brain function and behavior, Dr.Vannoni carefully observed and extensively questioned two stroke victims.Based on this information, it is most likely that Dr.Vannoni was conducting:

To accurately conclude that changes in the dependent variable are caused by variations in the independent variable, researchers need to ensure that the independent variable is the only thing that changes systematically in an experiment.

Describe absolute grading and relative grading, and the problems associated with each.

Dr.Pharis was studying memory in young children.Five children were asked to remember a list of words.Brad and Beverly each remembered 7 words.Sam remembered 6 words, Sally remembered 5 words, and Chad remembered 4 words.For these five children, the mode for the number of words that were recalled was:

What is random sampling? How does random sampling affect the composition of a sample that is obtained in a research study?

In an experiment designed to investigate memory processes, one group of participants was given special instructions and asked to create mental pictures of each item on a list of items to be remembered.Another group of participants was given the same list but received no special instructions about how to remember the items.In this study, the experimental group is: