Exam 23: Economics, Environment, and Sustainability

Even with the genuine progress indicator, or the gross national happiness indicator, we will know very little about what is happening to people or the environment.

The trickle-down effect describes how

After the easily removed natural resource, such as coal, has been taken, the cost of removal goes up with each additional unit of the resource taken.This is called the marginal cost.

____________________ has numerous harmful health and environmental effects and reducing it would benefit individuals, economies, and the environment.

Since 1980, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor has

Markets do well in the production and distribution of private goods, but are not so good at

Ray Anderson's company, Interface, has sought to become the world's first totally sustainable green corporation. The principles by which he works includes all of the following except

A drawback to implementing environmental taxes and fees is that it

A cost-benefit analysis can lead to wide ranges of benefits and costs with a lot of room for error.

The annual economic value of all goods and services produced within a country, regardless of whether they are beneficial or harmful, is the ____________________.

Economists use ____ to estimate a resource's future economic value compared to its present value.

The best solution for pollution is always total cleanup.

Our spending (as reflected in Figure 23-12), both governmental and personal, is oriented toward stability (military), comfort (snacks, cosmetics, and dog food), influence (foreign aid). Yet environmental degradation and over-use of resources threatens all of these areas. Money spent for assistance to less-developed countries would pay a higher dividend in the long run than any of the current spending. This is especially true of foreign aid and the military. Both of these items will be significantly undermined by unstable governments who can not meet the needs of their populations because of environmental problems. -What are the environmental implications of the fact that the gap between the rich and the poor of this world is getting larger rather than smaller?

Ray Anderson is known for

According to the World Bank, what percentage of the world's people are classified as living in poverty?

In order to reduce poverty, governments, businesses, international lending agencies, and wealthy individuals could do all of the following, except

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s). -What was the approximate percent change in the GPI between 1990 and 2000?

Most free-market economists believe that an economic system based on private ownership of all resources and operating without government interference is the best system for solving environmental problems.

Use the Figure above to answer the following question(s). -What was the approximate percent change in the GDP between 1990 and 2000?

The sustainability revolution is also an economic revolution.