Question 1

In a lean adult male,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 
B) 90 
C) 40 
D) 10 
E) 80 
A) 60 
B) 90 
C) 40 
D) 10 
E) 80

Question 2

The normal pH range for ECF is

Accepted Answer

A) 6)5 to 7.5. 
B) 6)8 to 7.2. 
C) 7 to 7.5. 
D) 7)35 to 7.45. 
E) 7)5 to 8.0. 
A) 6)5 to 7.5. 
B) 6)8 to 7.2. 
C) 7 to 7.5. 
D) 7)35 to 7.45. 
E) 7)5 to 8.0.

Question 3

Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone

Accepted Answer

A) calcitonin. 
B) parathyroid hormone. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) cortisol. 
E) ADH. 
A) calcitonin. 
B) parathyroid hormone. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) cortisol. 
E) ADH.

Question 4

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) angiotensin II 
C) PTH 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine 
A) ADH 
B) angiotensin II 
C) PTH 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine

Question 5

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted in response to decreased levels of potassium in the blood. 
B) promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C) helps decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure. 
D) regulates blood calcium levels. 
E) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
A) is secreted in response to decreased levels of potassium in the blood. 
B) promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C) helps decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure. 
D) regulates blood calcium levels. 
E) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 6

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium,chloride,and

Accepted Answer

A) potassium. 
B) magnesium. 
C) phosphate. 
D) bicarbonate. 
E) iodine. 
A) potassium. 
B) magnesium. 
C) phosphate. 
D) bicarbonate. 
E) iodine.

Question 7

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) consequence of hyperventilation (for example,in fever or mental illness) 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation (for example,due to emphysema) 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia (for example,in ischemic conditions) 
A) consequence of hyperventilation (for example,in fever or mental illness) 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation (for example,due to emphysema) 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia (for example,in ischemic conditions)

Question 8

In response to respiratory alkalosis,the

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory rate increases. 
B) tidal volume increases. 
C) kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. 
E) kidneys retain more hydrogen ions. 
A) respiratory rate increases. 
B) tidal volume increases. 
C) kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. 
E) kidneys retain more hydrogen ions.

Question 9

A(n)________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed 
B) volatile 
C) respiratory 
D) organic 
E) inorganic 
A) fixed 
B) volatile 
C) respiratory 
D) organic 
E) inorganic

Question 10

The most dangerous problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

Accepted Answer

A) calcium ions. 
B) chlorine ions. 
C) potassium ions. 
D) sodium ions. 
E) electrons. 
A) calcium ions. 
B) chlorine ions. 
C) potassium ions. 
D) sodium ions. 
E) electrons.

Question 11

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells,a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.Which of the following properties must this substance lack in order to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A) permeable to capillary endothelium 
B) nontoxic to neurons 
C) permeable to brain plasma membranes 
D) impermeable to brain plasma membranes 
E) soluble in water 
A) permeable to capillary endothelium 
B) nontoxic to neurons 
C) permeable to brain plasma membranes 
D) impermeable to brain plasma membranes 
E) soluble in water

Question 12

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Accepted Answer

A) increased by ADH. 
B) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts. 
C) minimal because the human diet includes very little potassium. 
D) an indication of dehydration. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) increased by ADH. 
B) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts. 
C) minimal because the human diet includes very little potassium. 
D) an indication of dehydration. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Approximately ________ liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 9 
C) 15 
D) 7 
E) 20 
A) 10 
B) 9 
C) 15 
D) 7 
E) 20

Question 14

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) BNP 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) BNP 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine

Question 15

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops,the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A) excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B) excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C) excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D) secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions. 
E) secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions. 
A) excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B) excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C) excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D) secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions. 
E) secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions.

Question 16

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

Accepted Answer

A) ADH. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) parathormone. 
D) atrial natriuretic peptides. 
E) glucocorticoids. 
A) ADH. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) parathormone. 
D) atrial natriuretic peptides. 
E) glucocorticoids.

Question 17

When pure water is consumed,

Accepted Answer

A) the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
B) a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases. 
C) osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall. 
D) the volume of the ECF decreases. 
E) the volume of the ICF decreases. 
A) the ECF becomes hypertonic to the ICF. 
B) a fluid shift occurs and the volume of the ICF decreases. 
C) osmolarities of the two fluid compartments fall. 
D) the volume of the ECF decreases. 
E) the volume of the ICF decreases.

Question 18

The anions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A) sodium,chloride,and bicarbonate. 
B) sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate. 
C) sodium,potassium,and chloride. 
D) proteins,bicarbonate,and chloride. 
E) sodium,potassium,and phosphate. 
A) sodium,chloride,and bicarbonate. 
B) sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate. 
C) sodium,potassium,and chloride. 
D) proteins,bicarbonate,and chloride. 
E) sodium,potassium,and phosphate.

Question 19

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Accepted Answer

A) conserve sodium ions. 
B) decrease ECF. 
C) excrete sodium ions. 
D) conserve sodium ions and decrease ECF. 
E) decrease ECF and excrete sodium ions. 
A) conserve sodium ions. 
B) decrease ECF. 
C) excrete sodium ions. 
D) conserve sodium ions and decrease ECF. 
E) decrease ECF and excrete sodium ions.

Question 20

Hypoventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

In a lean adult male,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

The normal pH range for ECF is

Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Aldosterone

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium,chloride,and

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

In response to respiratory alkalosis,the

A(n)________ acid is an acid that cannot leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

The most dangerous problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and losses of

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells,a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.Which of the following properties must this substance lack in order to be effective?

Secretion of potassium into the urine is

Approximately ________ liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

Which hormone stimulates the thirst mechanism?

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops,the kidneys

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

When pure water is consumed,

The anions in highest concentration in the extracellular fluid are

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Hypoventilation leads to

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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