Question 1

Which hormone(s)is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) PTH 
D) acetylcholine 
E) natriuretic peptides 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) PTH 
D) acetylcholine 
E) natriuretic peptides

Question 2

In an adult female,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 
B) 50 
C) 40 
D) 70 
E) 80 
A) 60 
B) 50 
C) 40 
D) 70 
E) 80

Question 3

Intracellular fluid (ICF)is found only within

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessels. 
B) lymph. 
C) the cells of the body. 
D) the interstitial space. 
E) the cerebrospinal fluid. 
A) blood vessels. 
B) lymph. 
C) the cells of the body. 
D) the interstitial space. 
E) the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 4

________ will raise blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) Strenuous exercise 
B) Hyperventilation 
C) Diabetes mellitis 
D) Stomach ulcers 
E) Smoking 
A) Strenuous exercise 
B) Hyperventilation 
C) Diabetes mellitis 
D) Stomach ulcers 
E) Smoking

Question 5

The extracellular fluid (ECF)consists of the

Accepted Answer

A) plasma. 
B) interstitial fluid. 
C) cerebrospinal fluid. 
D) lymph. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) plasma. 
B) interstitial fluid. 
C) cerebrospinal fluid. 
D) lymph. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

A(n)________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory 
B) volatile 
C) organic 
D) inorganic 
E) fixed 
A) respiratory 
B) volatile 
C) organic 
D) inorganic 
E) fixed

Question 7

Fred has chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is low but almost normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be? What would urinalysis show?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema limits alveolar ventilation,le

Question 8

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Accepted Answer

When pH is low,hydrogen ion levels in th

Question 9

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

Accepted Answer

A) electrons. 
B) electrolytes. 
C) nonelectrolytes. 
D) osmoregulators. 
E) buffers. 
A) electrons. 
B) electrolytes. 
C) nonelectrolytes. 
D) osmoregulators. 
E) buffers.

Question 10

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) lymphatic 
B) intracellular 
C) plasma 
D) extracellular 
E) cerebrospinal 
A) lymphatic 
B) intracellular 
C) plasma 
D) extracellular 
E) cerebrospinal

Question 11

When water is lost,but electrolytes are retained,

Accepted Answer

A) the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B) osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C) both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D) there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E) aldosterone is secreted. 
A) the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B) osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C) both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D) there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E) aldosterone is secreted.

Question 12

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) consequence of hyperventilation (for example,in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation (for example,due to COP
D)  
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia (for example,in ischemic conditions) 
A) consequence of hyperventilation (for example,in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation (for example,due to COP
D)  
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia (for example,in ischemic conditions)

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false regarding fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluctuations in diet will affect babies less because they have so much water content. 
B) Older people tend to become more dehydrated. 
C) Kidney functions tend to decrease as one ages. 
D) Aging correlates with problems in various organ systems,which can enhance acid-base imbalance problems. 
E) A fetus obtains water and electrolytes from the maternal bloodstream. 
A) Fluctuations in diet will affect babies less because they have so much water content. 
B) Older people tend to become more dehydrated. 
C) Kidney functions tend to decrease as one ages. 
D) Aging correlates with problems in various organ systems,which can enhance acid-base imbalance problems. 
E) A fetus obtains water and electrolytes from the maternal bloodstream.

Question 14

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Accepted Answer

A) drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
B) result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
C) decrease thirst. 
D) cause hypotension. 
E) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism. 
A) drastically increase the osmolarity of the blood. 
B) result in a temporary increase in blood volume. 
C) decrease thirst. 
D) cause hypotension. 
E) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

Question 15

Which of the following will stimulate thirst?

Accepted Answer

A) drying the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx 
B) angiotensin II acting on the hypothalamus 
C) an increase in the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid within the hypothalamus 
D) stimulation of osmoreceptors 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) drying the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx 
B) angiotensin II acting on the hypothalamus 
C) an increase in the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid within the hypothalamus 
D) stimulation of osmoreceptors 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Prolonged vomiting can result in

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 17

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating thirst. 
B) causing the release of ADH. 
C) triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone. 
D) stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) stimulating thirst. 
B) causing the release of ADH. 
C) triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone. 
D) stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Renin 
E) Natriuretic peptide 
A) ADH 
B) Aldosterone 
C) Calcitonin 
D) Renin 
E) Natriuretic peptide

Question 19

A patient that is hyperventilating is at risk for

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 20

When the pH ________,a state of acidosis exists.

Accepted Answer

A) rises above 7 
B) falls below 7 
C) falls below 6.5 
D) falls below 7.35 
E) rises above 7.5 
A) rises above 7 
B) falls below 7 
C) falls below 6.5 
D) falls below 7.35 
E) rises above 7.5

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Which hormone(s)is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

In an adult female,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Intracellular fluid (ICF)is found only within

________ will raise blood pH.

The extracellular fluid (ECF)consists of the

A(n)________ acid is an acid that can leave solution and enter the atmosphere.

Fred has chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is low but almost normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be? What would urinalysis show?

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

When water is lost,but electrolytes are retained,

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory alkalosis?

Which of the following statements is false regarding fluid and electrolyte balance?

Consuming a meal high in salt will

Which of the following will stimulate thirst?

Prolonged vomiting can result in

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

A patient that is hyperventilating is at risk for

When the pH ________,a state of acidosis exists.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters