Question 1

Which of the following will stimulate thirst?

Accepted Answer

A) drying the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx 
B) angiotensin II acting on the hypothalamus 
C) an increase in the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid within the hypothalamus 
D) stimulation of osmoreceptors 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) drying the mucosa of the mouth and pharynx 
B) angiotensin II acting on the hypothalamus 
C) an increase in the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid within the hypothalamus 
D) stimulation of osmoreceptors 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

In response to respiratory alkalosis,the

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory rate increases. 
B) tidal volume increases. 
C) kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. 
E) kidneys retain more hydrogen ions. 
A) respiratory rate increases. 
B) tidal volume increases. 
C) kidneys conserve bicarbonate. 
D) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions. 
E) kidneys retain more hydrogen ions.

Question 3

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) consequence of hyperventilation; for example,in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation; for example,due to emphysema 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia; for example,in ischemic conditions 
A) consequence of hyperventilation; for example,in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation; for example,due to emphysema 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia; for example,in ischemic conditions

Question 4

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) angiotensin II 
C) PTH 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine 
A) ADH 
B) angiotensin II 
C) PTH 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine

Question 5

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A) is secreted in response to decreased levels of potassium in the blood. 
B) promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C) helps decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure. 
D) regulates blood calcium levels. 
E) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
A) is secreted in response to decreased levels of potassium in the blood. 
B) promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C) helps decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure. 
D) regulates blood calcium levels. 
E) regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 6

Prolonged vomiting can result in

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 7

When water is lost,but electrolytes are retained,

Accepted Answer

A) the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B) osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C) both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D) there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E) aldosterone is secreted. 
A) the osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B) osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF. 
C) both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D) there is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E) aldosterone is secreted.

Question 8

The extracellular fluid (ECF)consists of the

Accepted Answer

A) plasma. 
B) interstitial fluid. 
C) cerebrospinal fluid. 
D) lymph. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) plasma. 
B) interstitial fluid. 
C) cerebrospinal fluid. 
D) lymph. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium,chloride,and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The principal ions in extracellular fluid are...

Question 10

Fred has chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is low but almost normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be? What would urinalysis show?

Accepted Answer

Emphysema limits alveolar ventilation,le

Question 11

Will hyperventilation raise or lower pH?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Will hyperventilation raise or lower pH?...

Question 12

Which hormone(s)is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) PTH 
D) acetylcholine 
E) natriuretic peptides 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) PTH 
D) acetylcholine 
E) natriuretic peptides

Question 13

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

Accepted Answer

A) electrons. 
B) electrolytes. 
C) nonelectrolytes. 
D) osmoregulators. 
E) buffers. 
A) electrons. 
B) electrolytes. 
C) nonelectrolytes. 
D) osmoregulators. 
E) buffers.

Question 14

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys...

Question 15

When the pH falls below 7.35,a state of ________ exists.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the pH falls below 7.35,a state...

Question 16

Approximately ________ liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 9 
C) 15 
D) 7 
E) 20 
A) 10 
B) 9 
C) 15 
D) 7 
E) 20

Question 17

Hypoventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 18

All of the following are components of ECF,except

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) peritoneal fluid. 
C) lymph. 
D) aqueous humor. 
E) RBCs. 
A) cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) peritoneal fluid. 
C) lymph. 
D) aqueous humor. 
E) RBCs.

Question 19

In an adult female,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 
B) 50 
C) 40 
D) 70 
E) 80 
A) 60 
B) 50 
C) 40 
D) 70 
E) 80

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Which of the following will stimulate thirst?

In response to respiratory alkalosis,the

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Aldosterone

Prolonged vomiting can result in

When water is lost,but electrolytes are retained,

The extracellular fluid (ECF)consists of the

The principal ions in extracellular fluid are sodium,chloride,and ________.

Fred has chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is low but almost normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be? What would urinalysis show?

Will hyperventilation raise or lower pH?

Which hormone(s)is released by heart muscle in response to excessive chamber volume?

Substances that can carry electrical current across cell membranes are called

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

When the pH falls below 7.35,a state of ________ exists.

Approximately ________ liters of peritoneal fluid are produced and reabsorbed each day.

Hypoventilation leads to

All of the following are components of ECF,except

In an adult female,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Neural Integration Ii: the Autonomic Nervous System and

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters