Question 1

Intracellular fluid (ICF)is found only within

Accepted Answer

A) blood vessels. 
B) lymph. 
C) the cells of the body. 
D) the interstitial space. 
E) the cerebrospinal fluid. 
A) blood vessels. 
B) lymph. 
C) the cells of the body. 
D) the interstitial space. 
E) the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 2

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells,a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.Which of the following properties can this substance not have in order to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A) permeable to capillary endothelium 
B) nontoxic to neurons 
C) permeable to brain plasma membranes 
D) impermeable to brain plasma membranes 
E) soluble in water 
A) permeable to capillary endothelium 
B) nontoxic to neurons 
C) permeable to brain plasma membranes 
D) impermeable to brain plasma membranes 
E) soluble in water

Question 3

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Accepted Answer

A) conserve sodium ions. 
B) decrease ECF. 
C) excrete sodium ions. 
D) conserve sodium ions and decrease ECF. 
E) decrease ECF and excrete sodium ions. 
A) conserve sodium ions. 
B) decrease ECF. 
C) excrete sodium ions. 
D) conserve sodium ions and decrease ECF. 
E) decrease ECF and excrete sodium ions.

Question 4

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 5

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda")to settle an upset stomach risks

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 6

Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone

Accepted Answer

A) calcitonin. 
B) parathyroid hormone. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) cortisol. 
E) ADH. 
A) calcitonin. 
B) parathyroid hormone. 
C) aldosterone. 
D) cortisol. 
E) ADH.

Question 7

The normal pH range for ECF is 7.35 to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal pH range for ECF is...

Question 8

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) BNP 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) BNP 
D) ANP 
E) epinephrine

Question 9

Severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis)often leads to

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 10

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory acidosis. 
B) respiratory alkalosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 11

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A) chronic respiratory acidosis. 
B) chronic respiratory alkalosis. 
C) acute respiratory acidosis. 
D) chronic metabolic acidosis. 
A) chronic respiratory acidosis. 
B) chronic respiratory alkalosis. 
C) acute respiratory acidosis. 
D) chronic metabolic acidosis.

Question 12

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating thirst. 
B) causing the release of ADH. 
C) triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone. 
D) stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) stimulating thirst. 
B) causing the release of ADH. 
C) triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone. 
D) stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

In a lean adult male,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A) 60 
B) 90 
C) 40 
D) 10 
E) 80 
A) 60 
B) 90 
C) 40 
D) 10 
E) 80

Question 14

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

Accepted Answer

A) ADH. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) parathormone. 
D) atrial natriuretic peptides. 
E) glucocorticoids. 
A) ADH. 
B) aldosterone. 
C) parathormone. 
D) atrial natriuretic peptides. 
E) glucocorticoids.

Question 15

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Accepted Answer

When pH is low,hydrogen ion levels in th

Question 16

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops,the

Accepted Answer

A) kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B) kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C) kidneys excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions. 
E) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions. 
A) kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions. 
B) kidneys excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C) kidneys excrete fewer bicarbonate ions. 
D) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions. 
E) kidneys secrete more hydrogen ions and fewer bicarbonate ions.

Question 17

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Accepted Answer

A) sweating. 
B) the kidneys. 
C) the liver. 
D) the feces. 
E) buffers. 
A) sweating. 
B) the kidneys. 
C) the liver. 
D) the feces. 
E) buffers.

Question 18

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) chloride. 
A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) chloride.

Question 19

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A) consequence of hyperventilation; for example,in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation; for example,due to COPD 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia; for example,in ischemic conditions 
A) consequence of hyperventilation; for example,in fever or mental illness 
B) consequence of prolonged vomiting 
C) consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation; for example,due to COPD 
D) consequence of tissue hypoxia; for example,in ischemic conditions

Question 20

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the...

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Intracellular fluid (ICF)is found only within

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells,a substance can be injected intravenously to increase the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid.Which of the following properties can this substance not have in order to be effective?

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

A patient on a ventilator subjected to excessive minute volume is at risk for

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda")to settle an upset stomach risks

Calcium reabsorption by the kidneys is promoted by the hormone

The normal pH range for ECF is 7.35 to ________.

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

Severe kidney damage (such as glomerulonephritis)often leads to

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

In a lean adult male,the body consists of about ________ percent water.

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

When the pH of the extracellular fluid drops,the

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis?

Homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ________ fluid.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Neural Integration Ii: the Autonomic Nervous System and

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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