Question 1

What does Gerhard Lenski mean by "sociocultural evolution"? Why does he argue that technology shapes all of society?

Accepted Answer

Gerhard Lenski, a sociologist, defines s

Question 2

Karl Marx considered capitalism to be _____, but Max Weber argued that capitalism was very _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  irrational rational 
B)  rational irrational 
C)  unproductive productive 
D)  productive unproductive 
A)  irrational rational 
B)  rational irrational 
C)  unproductive productive 
D)  productive unproductive

Question 3

Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

Accepted Answer

A)  technology 
B)  human ideas 
C)  social conflict 
D)  human desire for change 
A)  technology 
B)  human ideas 
C)  social conflict 
D)  human desire for change

Question 4

The story of the Tuareg nomads that begins Chapter 4 in the text shows us that:

Accepted Answer

A)  all human societies are mostly the same. 
B)  some societies change faster than our own. 
C)  some societies have little knowledge of newspapers, cellular phones or other things familiar to us in the United States. 
D)  some societies have advanced powerful technology than our own. 
A)  all human societies are mostly the same. 
B)  some societies change faster than our own. 
C)  some societies have little knowledge of newspapers, cellular phones or other things familiar to us in the United States. 
D)  some societies have advanced powerful technology than our own.

Question 5

Briefly explain Durkheim's belief that studying individuals alone can never capture the essence of society.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim believed that studying individu

Question 6

The first type of society to generate a material surplus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hunting and gathering. 
B)  horticultural and pastoral. 
C)  agrarian. 
D)  industrial. 
A)  hunting and gathering. 
B)  horticultural and pastoral. 
C)  agrarian. 
D)  industrial.

Question 7

In hopes of salvation, Calvinists were quick to share their wealth with the poor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Pastoral and horticultural societies are not capable of a productive surplus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Weber believed that people living in preindustrial societies hold strongly to rationality, while members of industrial societies celebrate tradition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Durkheim explained that organic solidarity is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  specialization and interdependence. 
B)  collective conscience. 
C)  shared moral values. 
D)  common cultural heritage. 
A)  specialization and interdependence. 
B)  collective conscience. 
C)  shared moral values. 
D)  common cultural heritage.

Question 11

What is "mechanical solidarity"? How does it differ from "organic solidarity"?

Accepted Answer

"Mechanical solidarity" and "organic sol

Question 12

Horticultural societies typically form permanent settlements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Briefly describe societies based on hunting and gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industry.

Accepted Answer

Hunting and gathering societies are char

Question 14

According to Karl Marx, what is one good thing about capitalism? At the same time, in his view, why does capitalism fail as an economic system?

Accepted Answer

According to Karl Marx, one good thing a

Question 15

Karl Marx and Max Weber agreed that modern society generates alienation, although for different reasons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Industrial technology tends to weaken the family, making it less the center of people's lives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Industrial technology has raised living standards in a number of societies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When Weber used the concept "rationality," he had in mind:

Accepted Answer

A)  a concern with what's good for the entire community. 
B)  a respect for tradition. 
C)  deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish any task. 
D)  limiting the extent of class conflict. 
A)  a concern with what's good for the entire community. 
B)  a respect for tradition. 
C)  deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most efficient way to accomplish any task. 
D)  limiting the extent of class conflict.

Question 19

Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

Accepted Answer

A)  technology 
B)  social conflict 
C)  human ideas 
D)  human desire for change 
A)  technology 
B)  social conflict 
C)  human ideas 
D)  human desire for change

Question 20

Compared to an industrial society, a postindustrial society is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  an information-based economy. 
B)  a factory-based economy. 
C)  an immigrant labor force. 
D)  a less productive economy. 
A)  an information-based economy. 
B)  a factory-based economy. 
C)  an immigrant labor force. 
D)  a less productive economy.

Exam 4: Society

What does Gerhard Lenski mean by "sociocultural evolution"? Why does he argue that technology shapes all of society?

Karl Marx considered capitalism to be _____, but Max Weber argued that capitalism was very _____.

Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

The story of the Tuareg nomads that begins Chapter 4 in the text shows us that:

Briefly explain Durkheim's belief that studying individuals alone can never capture the essence of society.

The first type of society to generate a material surplus is:

In hopes of salvation, Calvinists were quick to share their wealth with the poor.

Pastoral and horticultural societies are not capable of a productive surplus.

Weber believed that people living in preindustrial societies hold strongly to rationality, while members of industrial societies celebrate tradition.

Durkheim explained that organic solidarity is based on:

What is "mechanical solidarity"? How does it differ from "organic solidarity"?

Horticultural societies typically form permanent settlements.

Briefly describe societies based on hunting and gathering, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industry.

According to Karl Marx, what is one good thing about capitalism? At the same time, in his view, why does capitalism fail as an economic system?

Karl Marx and Max Weber agreed that modern society generates alienation, although for different reasons.

Industrial technology tends to weaken the family, making it less the center of people's lives.

Industrial technology has raised living standards in a number of societies.

When Weber used the concept "rationality," he had in mind:

Gerhard Lenski claimed that which of the following has the greatest power to shape a society?

Compared to an industrial society, a postindustrial society is based on:

The Sociological Perspective

Sociological Investigation

Culture

Socialization

Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Groups and Organizations

Sexuality and Society

Deviance

Social Stratification

Social Class in the United States

Global Stratification

Gender Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Aging and the Elderly

The Economy and Work

Politics and Government

Families

Religion

Education

Health and Medicine

Population, Urbanization, and Environment

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies

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Karl Marx considered capitalism to be _, but Max Weber argued that capitalism was very _.