Question 1

Marx looked forward to the transformation of capitalism into a more equal and humane society that he called socialism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is:

Accepted Answer

A)  unequal, with men controlling farming. 
B)  fairly equal, with men and women making a vital contribution to survival. 
C)  unequal, with women raising the young while men secure food. 
D)  equal, because both men and women perform the same tasks. 
A)  unequal, with men controlling farming. 
B)  fairly equal, with men and women making a vital contribution to survival. 
C)  unequal, with women raising the young while men secure food. 
D)  equal, because both men and women perform the same tasks.

Question 3

As Marx used the concept, alienation means:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sense of not knowing right from wrong. 
B)  that most people do not want to work at all. 
C)  that people object to highly specialized work. 
D)  the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness. 
A)  the sense of not knowing right from wrong. 
B)  that most people do not want to work at all. 
C)  that people object to highly specialized work. 
D)  the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness.

Question 4

If you wanted to learn more about a society's worldview to be a powerful force causing change, to which of the following sociologists would you turn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gerhard Lenski 
B)  Karl Marx 
C)  Max Weber 
D)  Emile Durkheim 
A)  Gerhard Lenski 
B)  Karl Marx 
C)  Max Weber 
D)  Emile Durkheim

Question 5

Looking over the long course of history, Durkheim claimed that societies change as _____ gives way to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gesellschaft Gemeinschaft 
B)  individualism collective conscience 
C)  mechanical solidarity organic solidarity 
D)  organic solidarity mechanical solidarity 
A)  Gesellschaft Gemeinschaft 
B)  individualism collective conscience 
C)  mechanical solidarity organic solidarity 
D)  organic solidarity mechanical solidarity

Question 6

How did Weber describe traditional societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  People look open-mindedly to the future. 
B)  People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation. 
C)  People live in the present, paying little attention to the past or the future. 
D)  People strive to be more and more productive. 
A)  People look open-mindedly to the future. 
B)  People pass the same values and beliefs from generation to generation. 
C)  People live in the present, paying little attention to the past or the future. 
D)  People strive to be more and more productive.

Question 7

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Describe Gerhard Lenski's model of sociocultural evolution, summarizing several key traits of each stage. What major technological revolutions have reshaped human societies in the past?

Accepted Answer

Gerhard Lenski's model of sociocultural

Question 9

Durkheim claimed that, for each of us as individuals, society:

Accepted Answer

A)  maintains the highest level of personal privacy. 
B)  helps free people from human culture. 
C)  helps people "be all they can be." 
D)  regulates individuals, reining in their desires and passions. 
A)  maintains the highest level of personal privacy. 
B)  helps free people from human culture. 
C)  helps people "be all they can be." 
D)  regulates individuals, reining in their desires and passions.

Question 10

What concept did Durkheim use to refer to social bonds, which are strong among members of industrial society and are based on specialization and mutual interdependence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gesellschaft 
B)  mechanical solidarity 
C)  collective conscience 
D)  organic solidarity 
A)  Gesellschaft 
B)  mechanical solidarity 
C)  collective conscience 
D)  organic solidarity

Question 11

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the family. 
B)  religion. 
C)  politics. 
D)  the economy. 
A)  the family. 
B)  religion. 
C)  politics. 
D)  the economy.

Question 12

Which of the following is True of hunting and gathering societies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population is small they are nomadic. 
B)  Population is large they live in villages. 
C)  Population is small they raise crops and animals. 
D)  Population is large most people are farmers. 
A)  Population is small they are nomadic. 
B)  Population is large they live in villages. 
C)  Population is small they raise crops and animals. 
D)  Population is large most people are farmers.

Question 13

Max Weber used the concept "rationalization of society" to point to historical change from tradition to rationality as the dominant mode of human thought.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

According to Max Weber, early Calvinists were:

Accepted Answer

A)  deeply religious and highly disciplined. 
B)  eager to enjoy what money could buy. 
C)  people who respected the past. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  deeply religious and highly disciplined. 
B)  eager to enjoy what money could buy. 
C)  people who respected the past. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 15

Modern societies are held together mostly by shared moral sentiments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Drawing on the ideas of Lenski, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, cite ways in which one might claim modern society is better than societies in the past. In what ways might any of these thinkers see modern society as getting worse?

Accepted Answer

Drawing on the ideas of Lenski, Marx, We

Question 17

Hunting and gathering societies were the only kind on the Earth from the origins of the human species some 3 million years ago until about:

Accepted Answer

A)  250,000 years ago. 
B)  100,000 years ago. 
C)  12,000 years ago. 
D)  2,500 years ago. 
A)  250,000 years ago. 
B)  100,000 years ago. 
C)  12,000 years ago. 
D)  2,500 years ago.

Question 18

Which of the following concepts was used by Durkheim to name a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  division of labor 
B)  False consciousness 
C)  anomie 
D)  alienation 
A)  division of labor 
B)  False consciousness 
C)  anomie 
D)  alienation

Question 19

Rational, modern societies, according to Weber, were becoming more personal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

According to Lenski, the term sociocultural evolution refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  changes brought about by new ways of thinking. 
B)  changes created by ideas coming from other societies. 
C)  change that results from social conflict. 
D)  changes that occur as a society acquires new technology. 
A)  changes brought about by new ways of thinking. 
B)  changes created by ideas coming from other societies. 
C)  change that results from social conflict. 
D)  changes that occur as a society acquires new technology.

Exam 4: Society

Marx looked forward to the transformation of capitalism into a more equal and humane society that he called socialism.

The social standing of women and men in hunting and gathering societies is:

As Marx used the concept, alienation means:

If you wanted to learn more about a society's worldview to be a powerful force causing change, to which of the following sociologists would you turn?

Looking over the long course of history, Durkheim claimed that societies change as _____ gives way to _____.

How did Weber describe traditional societies?

Huge empires-such as the Roman Empire that included tens of millions of people and several million square miles-were based on agrarian technology.

Describe Gerhard Lenski's model of sociocultural evolution, summarizing several key traits of each stage. What major technological revolutions have reshaped human societies in the past?

Durkheim claimed that, for each of us as individuals, society:

What concept did Durkheim use to refer to social bonds, which are strong among members of industrial society and are based on specialization and mutual interdependence?

Karl Marx argued that the dominant social institution is:

Which of the following is True of hunting and gathering societies?

Max Weber used the concept "rationalization of society" to point to historical change from tradition to rationality as the dominant mode of human thought.

According to Max Weber, early Calvinists were:

Modern societies are held together mostly by shared moral sentiments.

Drawing on the ideas of Lenski, Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, cite ways in which one might claim modern society is better than societies in the past. In what ways might any of these thinkers see modern society as getting worse?

Hunting and gathering societies were the only kind on the Earth from the origins of the human species some 3 million years ago until about:

Which of the following concepts was used by Durkheim to name a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals?

Rational, modern societies, according to Weber, were becoming more personal.

According to Lenski, the term sociocultural evolution refers to:

The Sociological Perspective

Sociological Investigation

Culture

Socialization

Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Groups and Organizations

Sexuality and Society

Deviance

Social Stratification

Social Class in the United States

Global Stratification

Gender Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Aging and the Elderly

The Economy and Work

Politics and Government

Families

Religion

Education

Health and Medicine

Population, Urbanization, and Environment

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies

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Looking over the long course of history, Durkheim claimed that societies change as _ gives way to _.