Question 1

What role do constructivists think elites can play in international politics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constructivists do not think elites can play a role in international politics. 
B)  They can promote ideas that can bring about change. 
C)  They define the state interest. 
D)  They project state power in the international system. 
E)  They organize class-based politics. 
A)  Constructivists do not think elites can play a role in international politics. 
B)  They can promote ideas that can bring about change. 
C)  They define the state interest. 
D)  They project state power in the international system. 
E)  They organize class-based politics.

Question 2

Do mass publics really matter in the foreign policy process? Articulate a clear response to this question and support your position with specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Yes, mass publics do matter in the forei

Question 3

Only individuals who hold leadership positions can have a significant influence on war, peace, and international policies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Mass publics can sometimes affect international relations regardless of what elites do.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Decision makers can minimize mistakes due to various misperceptions by

Accepted Answer

A)  using evoked sets. 
B)  censoring dissenters. 
C)  making their assumptions and beliefs as explicit as possible. 
D)  working together in small groups. 
E)  working together in large groups. 
A)  using evoked sets. 
B)  censoring dissenters. 
C)  making their assumptions and beliefs as explicit as possible. 
D)  working together in small groups. 
E)  working together in large groups.

Question 6

Many international relations theorists argue that the rational model of decision making does not accurately reflect reality because, in actuality, individual decision makers are

Accepted Answer

A)  always confronted by information that is perfect and complete. 
B)  unwilling to follow the prescribed steps of the model. 
C)  conditioned by their personal experiences and beliefs. 
D)  shaped by their class loyalties. 
E)  suffering from diagnosable mental illnesses. 
A)  always confronted by information that is perfect and complete. 
B)  unwilling to follow the prescribed steps of the model. 
C)  conditioned by their personal experiences and beliefs. 
D)  shaped by their class loyalties. 
E)  suffering from diagnosable mental illnesses.

Question 7

The events of the Arab Spring

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot be overturned. 
B)  are examples of elite support leading mass revolutions. 
C)  were not influenced by mass media. 
D)  show that individuals do not matter in international politics. 
E)  have led to a clear future of democracy in Egypt and other Arab states. 
A)  cannot be overturned. 
B)  are examples of elite support leading mass revolutions. 
C)  were not influenced by mass media. 
D)  show that individuals do not matter in international politics. 
E)  have led to a clear future of democracy in Egypt and other Arab states.

Question 8

Why do realists downplay the role of the individual in international relations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They believe policy is determined only by the anarchic international system. 
B)  They believe the individual is constrained by the national interest. 
C)  They believe individuals are constrained by the interests of their economic classes. 
D)  They believe there are too few democracies where individuals do matter. 
E)  They believe public opinion polls are never accurate. 
A)  They believe policy is determined only by the anarchic international system. 
B)  They believe the individual is constrained by the national interest. 
C)  They believe individuals are constrained by the interests of their economic classes. 
D)  They believe there are too few democracies where individuals do matter. 
E)  They believe public opinion polls are never accurate.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of track-two diplomacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the United States simultaneously negotiating with a foreign government and that state's domestic interest groups 
B)  a Norwegian sociologist's efforts to reconcile relations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization 
C)  U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles 
D)  the United States threatening Iran with sanctions and invasion 
E)  Soviet and Americans leaders meeting at a summit 
A)  the United States simultaneously negotiating with a foreign government and that state's domestic interest groups 
B)  a Norwegian sociologist's efforts to reconcile relations between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization 
C)  U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles 
D)  the United States threatening Iran with sanctions and invasion 
E)  Soviet and Americans leaders meeting at a summit

Question 10

Many situations have benefited from track-two diplomacy, including

Accepted Answer

A)  Eritrea's secession from Ethiopia. 
B)  Lyndon Johnson's conduct of the Vietnam War. 
C)  Jimmy Carter's rescue of the Iranian hostages. 
D)  the end of the Persian Gulf War. 
E)  the Cuban Missile Crisis. 
A)  Eritrea's secession from Ethiopia. 
B)  Lyndon Johnson's conduct of the Vietnam War. 
C)  Jimmy Carter's rescue of the Iranian hostages. 
D)  the end of the Persian Gulf War. 
E)  the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Question 11

The influence of mass publics on foreign policy can be explained by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Masses and elites act the same because they share common psychological and biological traits. 
B)  Masses' attitudes and opinions about international relations are always the same as elites'. 
C)  Masses can profoundly impact international relations only when they act through formal institutions. 
D)  Elites ignore the opinions of the mass public. 
E)  Mass publics only elect people that they agree with on foreign policy issues. 
A)  Masses and elites act the same because they share common psychological and biological traits. 
B)  Masses' attitudes and opinions about international relations are always the same as elites'. 
C)  Masses can profoundly impact international relations only when they act through formal institutions. 
D)  Elites ignore the opinions of the mass public. 
E)  Mass publics only elect people that they agree with on foreign policy issues.

Question 12

Using evoked sets, mirror images, and cognitive consistency are all

Accepted Answer

A)  consistent with the rational model of decision making. 
B)  influenced by belief systems that are easily changed. 
C)  components of the groupthink model. 
D)  psychological techniques that help individuals process and evaluate information. 
E)  factors that help provide individuals with perfect and complete information in decision making. 
A)  consistent with the rational model of decision making. 
B)  influenced by belief systems that are easily changed. 
C)  components of the groupthink model. 
D)  psychological techniques that help individuals process and evaluate information. 
E)  factors that help provide individuals with perfect and complete information in decision making.

Question 13

Why do radicals downplay the role of the individual in international relations?

Accepted Answer

A)  They view individuals as members of constantly shifting economic classes. 
B)  They believe individuals are constrained by a state driven by economic imperatives. 
C)  They view individuals as pawns in an anarchic international system. 
D)  They feel all workers are united in one opinion. 
E)  They can only explain policy in communist countries. 
A)  They view individuals as members of constantly shifting economic classes. 
B)  They believe individuals are constrained by a state driven by economic imperatives. 
C)  They view individuals as pawns in an anarchic international system. 
D)  They feel all workers are united in one opinion. 
E)  They can only explain policy in communist countries.

Question 14

Realism and radicalism pay far more attention to the individual's role in international relations than do liberalism and constructivism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which theoretical perspective places great emphasis on the role of individuals in international relations?

Accepted Answer

A)  realist 
B)  liberal 
C)  radical 
D)  behavioral 
E)  scientific 
A)  realist 
B)  liberal 
C)  radical 
D)  behavioral 
E)  scientific

Question 16

Which of the following is True of public opinion and foreign policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elections are the perfect measure of public opinion on foreign policy. 
B)  Public opinion polls do not ask the same questions, thus allowing leaders to get reliable data on public opinion. 
C)  Public opinion polls have only been conducted in the United States and European Union. 
D)  U.S. leaders always incorporate public attitudes into policy decisions. 
E)  Even leaders of authoritarian regimes pay attention to the dominant moods of their mass publics. 
A)  Elections are the perfect measure of public opinion on foreign policy. 
B)  Public opinion polls do not ask the same questions, thus allowing leaders to get reliable data on public opinion. 
C)  Public opinion polls have only been conducted in the United States and European Union. 
D)  U.S. leaders always incorporate public attitudes into policy decisions. 
E)  Even leaders of authoritarian regimes pay attention to the dominant moods of their mass publics.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is True of the study of individuals in international relations?

Accepted Answer

A)  State leaders are the only individuals that can exert a real impact on international relations. 
B)  Realists highlight the key role that individual leaders can play in affecting international relations. 
C)  Even individuals who are not state leaders can have a significant influence on war and peace. 
D)  The extent to which individuals matter is the same across all IR theories. 
E)  There is no empirical evidence that individual leaders and their personal characteristics make a difference in foreign policy. 
A)  State leaders are the only individuals that can exert a real impact on international relations. 
B)  Realists highlight the key role that individual leaders can play in affecting international relations. 
C)  Even individuals who are not state leaders can have a significant influence on war and peace. 
D)  The extent to which individuals matter is the same across all IR theories. 
E)  There is no empirical evidence that individual leaders and their personal characteristics make a difference in foreign policy.

Question 18

Recent work has expanded the application of groupthink to explain

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of mirror images. 
B)  long-term changes in ideas. 
C)  satisficing. 
D)  the rational model of decision making. 
E)  the realist view of the international system. 
A)  the use of mirror images. 
B)  long-term changes in ideas. 
C)  satisficing. 
D)  the rational model of decision making. 
E)  the realist view of the international system.

Question 19

Discuss two different ways that the mass public's influence on foreign policy might be explained. How is the mass public's influence affected by or not affected by the role of political elites?

Accepted Answer

There are two different ways that the ma

Question 20

Briefly describe cognitive consistency, the evoked set, mirror images, and groupthink, then explain which of these information-processing mechanisms you consider most important and why. Do these four mechanisms work independently of one another, or are they interrelated somehow? Are any of them more likely to produce greater political disasters or successes? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive consistency refers to the tend

What role do constructivists think elites can play in international politics?

Do mass publics really matter in the foreign policy process? Articulate a clear response to this question and support your position with specific examples.

Only individuals who hold leadership positions can have a significant influence on war, peace, and international policies.

Mass publics can sometimes affect international relations regardless of what elites do.

Decision makers can minimize mistakes due to various misperceptions by

Many international relations theorists argue that the rational model of decision making does not accurately reflect reality because, in actuality, individual decision makers are

The events of the Arab Spring

Why do realists downplay the role of the individual in international relations?

Which of the following is an example of track-two diplomacy?

Many situations have benefited from track-two diplomacy, including

The influence of mass publics on foreign policy can be explained by which of the following?

Using evoked sets, mirror images, and cognitive consistency are all

Why do radicals downplay the role of the individual in international relations?

Realism and radicalism pay far more attention to the individual's role in international relations than do liberalism and constructivism.

Which theoretical perspective places great emphasis on the role of individuals in international relations?

Which of the following is True of public opinion and foreign policy?

Which of the following statements is True of the study of individuals in international relations?

Recent work has expanded the application of groupthink to explain

Discuss two different ways that the mass public's influence on foreign policy might be explained. How is the mass public's influence affected by or not affected by the role of political elites?

Approaches to International Relations

The Historical Context of Contemporary International Relations

International Relations Theories

The International System

The State

Intergovernmental Organizations, International Law, and Nongovernmental Organizations

War and Strife

International Political Economy

Human Rights

Transnational Issues: the Environment, World Health, and Crime

Filters

Exam 6: The Individual

What role do constructivists think elites can play in international politics?

Do mass publics really matter in the foreign policy process? Articulate a clear response to this question and support your position with specific examples.

Only individuals who hold leadership positions can have a significant influence on war, peace, and international policies.

Mass publics can sometimes affect international relations regardless of what elites do.

Decision makers can minimize mistakes due to various misperceptions by

Many international relations theorists argue that the rational model of decision making does not accurately reflect reality because, in actuality, individual decision makers are

The events of the Arab Spring

Why do realists downplay the role of the individual in international relations?

Which of the following is an example of track-two diplomacy?

Many situations have benefited from track-two diplomacy, including

The influence of mass publics on foreign policy can be explained by which of the following?

Using evoked sets, mirror images, and cognitive consistency are all

Why do radicals downplay the role of the individual in international relations?

Realism and radicalism pay far more attention to the individual's role in international relations than do liberalism and constructivism.

Which theoretical perspective places great emphasis on the role of individuals in international relations?

Which of the following is True of public opinion and foreign policy?

Which of the following statements is True of the study of individuals in international relations?

Recent work has expanded the application of groupthink to explain

Discuss two different ways that the mass public's influence on foreign policy might be explained. How is the mass public's influence affected by or not affected by the role of political elites?

Approaches to International Relations

The Historical Context of Contemporary International Relations

International Relations Theories

The International System

The State

Intergovernmental Organizations, International Law, and Nongovernmental Organizations

War and Strife

International Political Economy

Human Rights

Transnational Issues: the Environment, World Health, and Crime

Filters